white matter portions of the brain are crucial to the differentiation and spatial translocation of developing neurons.1 Damage to this cortical area would result in scrambled connectivity and messaging, possibly signaling challenges in coordination, memory, and learning for babies affected by the Zika virus.1
To examine the more precise causes of Zika-induced neural damage, researchers at the University of California - San Francisco may offer a clue. Using RNA sequencing, the scientists examined genes expressed in fetal brain tissue.4 Through their analysis, they discovered that a protein called AXL is expressed throughout the developing cerebral cortex, particularly in the “end-feet” of radial glial cells which form parts of capillaries. Since it is known that the Zika virus uses this AXL receptor to infect human skin cells, the investigation of the University of California suggests that this protein may be the primary channel by which Zika gains entry into the fetal brain and disrupts normal development.4
Although the harmful effects of the Zika virus are yet to be mitigated, researchers around the world are racing to create an effective vaccine. For now, pregnant women must avoid mosquito-laden areas to reduce the risk of Zika infection and avert the crippling complications that may occur. The global health community must unite not only to discover a cure for the Zika virus, but also to prevent other obscure pathogens from emerging from their damp, dark dens and devastating future generations.