In the above diagram, PC1 pings PC2 and a response is received by PC1. Explain the end to end communication.
Explanation
When PC1 pings PC2, the destination IP address is 192.168.2.2. The routing table on PC1 understands that 192.168.2.2 is on a different network. Due to this, the packet needs to be sent to the gateway. The corresponding gateway for PC1 is 192.168.1.1 and is configured on the TCP / IP adapter. An ARP request is sent out on the network to discover the mac-address of 192.168.1.1. Once the mac-address is received, an ethernet frame is created with the source mac-address as PC1 and destination mac-address as that of the router’ s interface configured with the IP address 192.168.1.1. The frame encapsulates the IP header with source IP address as 192.168.1.2 and destination IP address as 192.168.2.2. When the frame reaches the router, the router would look into the destination mac-address inside the frame. On a match, the FCS value of the frame is verified and then the frame stripped. The router then looks into the destination IP address in the IP header. It then verifies if the destination network is known to it. Since the destination network, which is 192.168.2.0, is a directly connected network on the other interface, a frame with the source mac-address as the 192.168.2.1 interface and destination mac-address as PC2 mac-address is created. The IP packet header is then encapsulated in the frame and sent out to the destination. For the response, the same procedure is followed. The difference would be the source IP address in the IP header would be 192.168.2.2 and the destination IP address is 192.168.1.2.
Question 5 Give two reasons as to why Rip v2 should be used instead of Rip v1. Explanation
Rip v1 is broadcast in nature. So the performance of the network would be affected. Rip v2 is multicast. So, only devices / routers which support Rip v2 would participate in the communication. Rip v2 also supports password for authentication, which Rip v1 does not have.
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