Nature-Based Solutions Manual for Kiawah Island Nature-Based Solutions Catalogue (R 1_2023) | Page 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose
2
Introduction to Kiawah Island
3
Ecosystem Services and Resilience
6
Ecosystem Services
6
Resilience Theory
7
Social-Ecological Resilience
9
Enhancing Resilience
13
Focal Ecosystems of Kiawah Island
15
Maritime Forest and Shrub Thicket
15
Maritime Forest Hydrology
16
Groundwater Table Study
19
Tidal Salt Marsh
22
Marsh Vulnerability Project
24
Green Infrastructure and Low Impact Development Practices
28
Green Infrastructure & Low Impact Development
29
FEMA Community Rating System ( CRS )
31
Rain Gardens
33
Bioretention Areas
39
Enhanced Bioswales
47
Vegetated Buffers
53
Envirolok
57
Pervious Pavement Systems
61
Rainwater Harvesting
69
Living Shoreline and Marsh Protection Practices
72
Living Shorelines Summary
73
Regulatory Considerations
75
Site Evaluation and Selection
77
Loose Oyster Shell
81
Oyster Shell Bags
83
Manufactured Wire Reefs ( MWRs )
87
Coir Logs
91
Thin Layer Placement
95
Salt Marsh Grass Planting
99
Monitoring Post-Installation
103
Metrics and Methods for Monitoring
105
Resources
111