ORTHODONTICS
CLASSIFICATION OF SKELETAL AND DENTAL MALOCCLUSION: REVISITED
Adil Osman Mageet 1a *
1
Department of Orthodontics, MBR University, Hamdan Bin Mohamed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, UAE a
PhD, BDS, CES, MSc( Orthodontics), M. Orth. RCSEd, FDS. RCSEd, Associate Professor
Cite this article: Mageet AO. Classification of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion: Revisited. Stoma Edu J. 2016; 3( 2): 205-211.
Received: July 2, 2016 Accepted: July 4, 2016
Available online: August 12, 2016
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The orthodontic dental classification used datedes for more than 100 years. The skeletal and dental classification of malocclusion has an important role in diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of this study is to facilitate the grouping of skeletal and dental malrelationships and to build an accurate diagnosis and to suggest treatment planning. Material and method: The main orthodontic classification systems for skeletal and dental relationship were reviewed. Results: The proposed skeletal and dental classification proved detailed accuracy and focus on relating the categories with the suggested treatment planning. The new modification of the skeletal and dental classification explained clearly the occlusal relationship and helped in setting treatment strategies. Conclusions: The present skeletal and dental classification is faster, accurate and easily applicable clinically and dealt with the shortcoming of the previous classification systems. It also helped in the suggestion of orthodontic treatment protocols. Keywords: orthodontic malocclusion, skeletal classification, dental classification.
1. Introduction In 1930 Simon was the first to relate the dental arches to the face and cranium in the three planes of space: Frankfurt horizontal plane( F-H plane), also called( E-EP). Or-Po plane. Vertical: Attraction or Abstraction; Orbital plane( Perpendicular to F-H plane at the margin of the bony orbit), anteroposterior: Protraction or Retraction; Median sagittal plane( The MSP is determined by points approximate1.5cm apart on the median raphe of the palate. The raphe median plane passes through these two points at right angles to the F-H plane), transverse: Contraction or Distraction 1.
2. Material and Method Salzmann in 1950 was the first to classify the underlying skeletal structure, and he stated that Skeletal Class I: Purely dental with the bones of the face and jaws being in harmony with one another and with the rest of the head. The profile is orthognathic( Straight). Then he added divisions to the skeletal I, Division 1: Local malrelationship of incisors, canines and premolars; Division 2: Maxillary incisor protrusion; Division 3:
Maxillary incisors retrusion; Division 4: Bimaxillary protrusion. Skeletal Class II: Distal mandibular development in relation to the maxilla. The profile is prognathic( Convex). He subclassified skeletal II into: Class II / 1: Narrow maxillary arch with crowding in the canine region; Class II / 2: Lingually Inclined maxillary incisors, the laterals may be normal or proclined. Skeletal Class III: Over growth of the mandible with obtuse mandibular angle. The profile is retrognathic profile( Concave) 2. Scholar Edward Hingley Angle( 1899) classified Orthodontic malocclusion in the mesio-distal relationship of teeth. His classification is based on the maxillary permanent 1 st molar where he considered it as the key ridge and accordingly he classified the molar relationship into class I, II and III using Roman numbers and subdivided class II into division 1 and 2 using Arabic numbers 3. Angle’ s classification has a number of drawbacks, such us: the Maxillary permanent 1 st molar is not a fixed anatomic point( key ridge); cannot classify for mesially drifted, impacted, missing or extracted Maxillary permanent 1 st molars; did not consider single tooth malposition; cannot classify
* Corresponding author:
Associate Prof. Dr. Adil Osman Mageet, PhD, BDS, CES( France), MSc( Orthodontic, UK), M. Orth. RCSEd, FDS. RCSEd Department of Orthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohamed College of Dental Medicine, MBR University, Dubai, UAE, P. O. Box 505097 Dubai UAE Tel: + 971 4 424 8631; Fax: + 971 4 424 8687, e-mail: Adil. mageet @ hbmcdm. ac. ae
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