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HOOTH LOSS AND RISK FACTORS AMONG ELDERLY VIETNAMESE
( Mean ± SD, 8.8 ± 7.9); rural residents( 8.8 ± 7.6); time in education ≤5 years( 10.2 ± 7.7); frequency of teeth cleaning ≤1 time / day( 8.7 ± 7.3); last visit to dentist > 1 year ago( 8.2 ± 7.5); tobacco smoking( 9.4 ± 7.6), and no alcohol drinking( 8.3 ± 7.2).
Table 1. The prevalence of tooth loss for each functional group among elderly Vietnamese
Functional group
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
Upper jaw
27.9
15.5
37.6
Prevalence of tooth loss(%)
Lower jaw
30.6
12.0
34.1
Both
42.2
20.9
50.4
p-value
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
Molar
77.5
74.8
89.1
< 0.001
Chi-square test
According to the distribution of a number of lost teeth, 27.1 % of the elderly participants had lost 1 – 3 teeth, 23.6 % 4 – 6 teeth, 27.1 % 7 – 16 teeth and 13.6 % > 16 teeth; only 8.6 % had full dentition. There was a significant correlation between the distribution of a number of lost teeth and time in education, and alcohol drinking( p < 0.05, Table 2).
Having > 6 lost teeth was statistically significantly related to time in education, frequency of cleaning teeth, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking( Table 2). However, the odds ratio of losing > 6 teeth was calculated for time in education, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking.
Table 2. Mean tooth loss and tooth number class percentages in relation to risk factors
Variables
n(%)
Tooth loss
p- value a
Number of lost teeth(%)
p- value b
Dichotomized number of lost teeth
p- value b
Age 65-69
129( 50)
Mean ± SD
6. 6 ± 6. 0
70-74
129( 50)
Gender
Female
128( 49.6)
Male
130( 50.4)
Residence
Rural
121( 46.9)
Urban
137( 53.1)
Time in education
≤5 years
105( 40.7)
8.8 ± 7.9
8.4 ± 7.0
7.1 ± 7.1
8.8 ± 7.6
6.7 ± 6.4
10.2 ±
7.7
> 5 years
153( 59.3)
6.0 ± 5.9
Frequency of cleaning teeth
≤1 time / day
132( 51.6)
8.7 ± 7.3
≥2 times /
124( 48.4)
6.8 ± 6.7 day
Last visit to a dentist
> 1 year
191( 74.6)
8.2 ± 7.5
≤1 year
65( 25.4)
6.2 ± 5.3
Tobacco smoking
Yes
60( 23.4)
9.4 ± 7.6
No
196( 76.6)
7.3 ± 6.9
Alcohol drinking
Yes
56( 21.9)
5.9 ± 6.4
No
200( 78.1)
8.3 ± 7.2
Chronic disease
Yes
138( 53.9)
7.0 ± 7.1
No
118( 46.1)
8.5 ± 6.9
Total
258
7.6 ± 7.0
0.01 *
0.14
0.01 *
< 0.001
0.01 *
0.02 *
0.04 *
0.02 *
0.10
0
7.0. 1
9.4
7.7
10.2
6. 6
3.8
11.8
6.8
10.5
7.7. 9
8.7. 3
9.0. 1
9.4
7.6
8.6
1-3
27.9. 3
18.8
35.4
31.4. 3
19.0
32.7
24.2
29.0
36.9. 0
28.1. 7
21.5. 7
32.7
19.5
27.1
4-6
18.6. 7
25.8
21.5
21.9. 6
21.9
24.8
21.2
26.6
20.0. 1
26.5. 0
24.5. 4
21.7
26.3
23.6
7-16
27.9. 4
31.2
23.1
27.0. 3
33.3
22.9
32.6
21.8
29.2. 7
24.0. 3
29.5. 7
23.2
32.2
27.1
> 16
18.6
8. 5
14.8
12.3
9.5. 2
21.9
7.8
15.2
12.1
6.2. 2
12.8. 7
15.5
7. 1
13.0
14.4
13.6
0.07
0.06
0.14
< 0.001
0.24
0.09
0.12
0.01 *
0.14
≤6
65.1
53.5
53.9
64.6
54.5
63.3
44.8
69.3
52.3
66.1
57.1
64.6
45.0
63.3
55.0. 2
63.8
53.4
59.3
> 6
34.9
46.5
46.1
35.4
45.5
36.5
55.2
30.7
47.7
33.9
42.9
35.4
55.0
36.7
45.0. 8
36.2
46.6
40.7
0.06
0.08
0.14
< 0.001
0.02 *
0.28
0.01 *
0.01 *
0.09
a
Student’ s t-test b
Chi-square test
* p < 0.05
Table 3 shows the odds of having > 6 lost teeth was significantly more frequent among elderly persons with less time in education( OR = 2.2, p < 0.01) and tobacco smoking( OR = 2.8, p < 0.01). However, alcohol drinking was significantly inversely associated with > 6 lost teeth( OR = 0.3, p < 0.01).
4. Discussion The main finding of this study was that there was a high prevalence of tooth loss among the elderly Vietnamese aged 65-74. Tooth loss might impact the general health, cause the loss of mastication and reduce the quality of life 2, 3. Over ninety percent of the elderly Vietnamese presented tooth loss condition. This result was in line with the study conducted in the South Vietnam where 96 % of the older population had missing teeth 11. We found that posterior teeth lost more

180 STOMA. EDUJ( 2016) 3( 2)