science —generating leadership qualities in his team and
inspiring them through both ideas and example.
After an interim arrangement with Prof. MGK Menon at
the helm, Prof. Satish Dhawan was given the responsibility
of heading ISRO. The whole complex at Thumba, which
included TERLS, the Space Science and Technology
Centre (SSTC), the RPP, the Rocket Fabrication Facility
(RFF), and the Propellant Fuel Complex (PFC) were
merged together to form an integrated space centre and
christened the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) as
a tribute to the man to whom it owed its existence. The
renowned metallurgist, Dr Brahm Prakash, took over as the
first Director of VSSC.
The RATO system was successfully tested on 8
October 1972 at Bareilly Air Force station in Uttar Pradesh,
when a high performance Sukhoi-16 jet aircraft became
airborne after a short run of 1200 m, as against its usual run
of 2 km. We used the 66th RATO motor in the test. The
demonstration was watched by Air Marshal Shivdev Singh
and Dr BD Nag Chaudhury, then the Scientific Adviser to
the Defence Minister. This effort was said to have saved
approximately Rs 4 crores in foreign exchange. The vision
of the industrialist scientist had finally borne fruit.
Before taking up the responsibility of organizing space
research in India and becoming the chairman of
INCOSPAR, Prof. Sarabhai had established a number of
successful industrial enterprises. He was aware that
scientific research could not survive in isolation, away from
industry. Prof. Sarabhai founded Sarabhai Chemicals,
Sarabhai Glass, Sarabhai Geigy Limited, Sarabhai Merck
Limited, and the Sarabhai Engineering Group. His Swastik
Oil Mills did pioneering work in the extraction of oil from
oilseeds, manufacture of synthetic detergents and of
cosmetics. He geared Standard Pharmaceuticals Limited
to enable large-scale manufacture of penicillin, which was
imported from abroad at astronomical costs at that time.
Now with the indigenization of RATO, his mission had
acquired a new dimension—independence in the
manufacture of military hardware and the potential saving of
crores of rupees in foreign exchange. I recalled this on the
day of the successful trial of the RATO system. Including
trial expenses, we spent less than Rs. 25 lakhs on the
entire project. The Indian RATO could be produced at
Rs.17,000 apiece, and it replaced the imported RATO,
which cost Rs. 33,000.
At the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, work on the
SLV went on at full swing. All the subsystems had been
designed, technologies identified, processes established,
work centres selected, manpower earmarked and
schedules drawn. The only hitch was the lack of a
management structure to effectively handle this mega-
project and coordinate activities which were spread over a
large numbe