a joint venture company setup by the Ministry of Power, floated tender to procure EVs to replace government vehicles.
NITI Aayog projected that India can save 64 % of anticipated passenger road-based mobility related energy demand and 37 % of carbon emissions in 2030 by pursuing a shared, electric, and connected mobility future.
The direct implication of decreasing carbon emissions using EVs is that it would help India honour its obligation of emission cut under the Paris Climate Agreement.
DRIVERS OF EV ADOPTION As per McKinsey & Co., while global EV sales presently form less than 1 % of new car purchases, this may soon change, with a mix of push and pull factors creating a self-sustainable cycle of EV growth over the next few years. We are at an inflection point with regard to EV technology.
Stringent emission norms, improved battery technologies, battery price, charging speed, driving range, charging infrastructure, EV-grid integration, Swappable batteries and cost of EVs are some of the drivers for adoption.
IMPACT ON OIL & GAS SECTOR Globally, EVs could displace a demand of 2 million barrels of oil per day between 2025 and 2030. While oil marketing companies( OMCs) could see this as a threat, they could also see it as an opportunity to expand into different business areas. For example, expanding in the renewable energy business. Opting for alternate asset utilization has led some major oil companies to offer EV charging infrastructure at their retail outlets.
The shift to e-mobility is inevitable. It brings with it challenges and opportunities and the broader ecosystem to capitalize on new technologies, and, in the process reap substantial economic benefits. It’ s now widely accepted that by 2030, the future of cars will be dramatically different from today. Not just autonomous, shared or e-vehicles but may be in the form of flying cars and Hyperloop too. Now possibility of passenger drone is nearing reality. The technology and product development of passenger drones and traditional flying cars seem to be swiftly progressing with vertical take-off and landing( VTOL).
TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES( HEVS)- Powered by petrol and electricity. Honda Civic Hybrid and Toyota Camry Hybrid PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES( PHEVS)- Can be recharged through both regenerative braking and‘ plugging-in’ to an external electrical charging outlet. Toyota Prius and Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES( BEVS)- Fully electric
Inauguration of Electric Vehicle Charging Station at HPCL COMCO Nagpur, developed by HPCL— first ever by any OMC in the country.
vehicles, powered by electricity. Can recharge their batteries through regenerative braking. BMW i3 Nissan Leaf and Tesla 3
EVOLUTION OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGY LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES( LIBS)- Positively charged lithium ions travel between the anode and the cathode in the electrolyte. Tesla and Nissan use this technology. SOLID STATE BATTERIES- Solid-state batteries have solid components so no chances of electrolyte leaks or fires( provided a flame-resistant electrolyte is used), ability to operate in an extended temperature range. Toyota and Volkswagen, are looking into solid state batteries to power their electric cars. ALUMINIUM-ION BATTERIES- Similar to LIBs but have an aluminium anode. Research is still in its infancy. Scientists at Stanford recently solved one of the aluminium-ion battery’ s greatest drawbacks, its cyclability, by using an aluminium metal anode and a graphite cathode. LITHIUM-SULFUR( LI / S) BATTERIES- Typically have a lithium anode and a sulfur-carbon cathode. Li / S batteries, combined with solar panels, powered the famous 3-day flight of the Zephyr-6 unmanned aerial vehicle. NASA has invested in solid-state Li / S batteries to power space exploration, and Oxis Energy is also working to commercialise Li / S batteries. METAL-AIR BATTERIES- Have a pure-metal anode and an ambient air cathode. As the cathode typically makes up most of the weight in a battery, having one made of air is a major advantage. Most experimental work uses oxygen as the cathode to prevent the metal from reacting with CO ¬ 2 in the air, because capturing enough oxygen in the ambient air is a major challenge.
Anurag Chourasia Senior Manager- Industrial Engineering, Manpower Planning, PH
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