Muscle & Fitness 2018-03-01 Muscle & Fitness UK.edcoan.ir | Page 88

HERS OPTIMISING THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE FOR LEAN GAINS As a strength, performance and physique enhancement coach, understanding my client is fundamental to our shared success. The more I know about my athlete the better I can train them and feed them to achieve the desired outcome. The individual differences between athletes is clear, but there is also the critical difference between male and female. F onwards, oestrogen & progesterone emales have a reproductive levels peak, body temperature is up. cycle which, is commonly What to eat: Insulin sensitivity is • a duration of 28 days, declining so begin to lower carbohy- which is divided into three drates or switch to less simple distinct phases. For a coach, like myself, I need to know if these phases can have an impact on my female athletes and therefore my exercise programming and nutritional strategies. Even if you are not a coach, but a female looking to optimise your hormonal changes during this time we can plan to make the best of our efforts and knowing oneself is crucial. So what do these phases look like and what impact do they have? THE FEMALE MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASES 1 & 2- MENSES AND THE FOLLICULAR PHASE Menstrual phase - the bleed- usually a 5 day duration. Follicular phase, usually day 6-13. At this time oestrogen increases, with normal progesterone levels and a normal average body temperature. • What to Eat: Athletes can eat carbohydrates • What to do :Train Hard at this point- there is usually a high pain tolerance with increased levels of endurance, use of glycogen & high insulin sensitivity allowing for a higher carb intake OVULATION • Ovulation: Separates follicular phase from the luteal phase. 14 days and 86 MUSCLE & FITNESS / MARCH 2018 carbohydrates to complex or fibrous ones. • What to do: go for a personal best as voluntary peak muscular force generation is at its highest. PHASE 3- THE LUTEAL PHASE • Luteal phase day 15- 28 : oestrogen is dropping, progesterone is increas- ing and there is an accompanying high body temp • What to Eat: Lower carbs increase protein as at this point the body is predominately burning fat …take dandelion root…apple cider vinegar (both diuretic effects) as there will be water retention • What to do: With a decreased time to exhaustion …lower intensity conditioning, moderate intensity strength work Metabolism is running 7.7 % higher than normal • Cravings for sugary carbs will be at the highest but insulin sensitivity will be at the lowest add in or eat more cinnamon. 6 grams of Cassia or 12 grams of Ceylon, the two most commonly available types. Ceylon has half the insulin sensitivity increasing effects of Cassia. • Once you return to the menstrual phase/bleeding, move back to more intense workouts So, what if you’re using a contracep- tive pill or oestrogen therapy? By John Buckland Contraceptive drugs along with other drugs affect hormone levels and have significant effects on hormonal function. These drugs include anti-depres- sants, particularly the selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, antihistamines,