MOTHER NATURE June 2017 | Page 18

18 2017 what is new ? Wax worm caterpillars found to eat Plastics The wax worm, the larvae of insect Galleria mellonella, is found to possess the ability to biodegrade polyethylene, which is one of the toughest and most used plastics. The scientists have observed that the degradation rate of the wax worm is extremely fast when compared to other recent discoveries. Last year, a bacteria was found to biodegrade plastics at a rate of just 0.13mg a day. The present discovery assumes significance for getting rid of the ever increasing Polyethylene plastic waste that degrades the environment. It is estimated that a trillion plastic bags are used every single year. The plastics are highly resistant to breaking down, and even if it does the smaller pieces usually tend to choke up ecosystems without getting degraded. The wax worms were found to transform the polyethylene into ethylene glycol. To make sure it was not just the chewing and degrading the plastic, scientists mashed up some of the worms and smeared them on polyethylene bags and got similar results as above. The molecular details of the process of break down could be used to come up with a biotechnological solution for managing polyethylene waste. Wax worms are medium-white caterpillars with black-tipped feet that live as parasites in bee colonies and are commercially bred for fishing bait. They are the caterpillar larvae of wax moths. Wax moths lay their eggs inside beehives where these worms hatch and grow on beeswax. The wax worms feed on cocoons, pollen, and shed skins of bees and are considered as parasites by the beekeepers. Tree-dwelling crab species Kani maranjadu found in Kerala Scientists from the University of Kerala have discovered a new species of long-legged, tree- dwelling crabs named Kani maranjandu in Western Ghats of Kerala. It has been named after the Kani tribe in Kerala and are substantially different from other congeners (organisms within the same genus). Key Facts Kani maranjandu is the first crab species of its kind to offer a record of an arboreal crab (species that lives in trees). Characteristic traits: Its upper shell is hard, its male abdominal structure and reproductive parts and diagnostic elongated walking legs (no other genus has).