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36 • Anthony P. Pennino for an Epic Theatre. We can also locate within the Chartist aesthetic, both on and off the stage, a possible thread that would later be sewn into the whole cloth that would be Modernism. Whatever the case, the cultural history of Chartists is something that should have multidisciplinary appeal to those in the fields of political and intellectual history as well as those in literature, performance studies, and area studies. Shakespeare in this regard is the thin end of the wedge to help us better understand the complexities of the Chartists’ relationship to art.   BIBLIOGRAPHY The Reconstructed Bard: Chartism and Shakespeare • 37 University of Cambridge Press, 1998). Kaplan, Amy, “Left Alone with America” in Amy Kaplan and Donald E. Pease (eds.), Cultures of United States Imperialism. (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993). Ledger, Sally, “Chartist Aesthetics in the Mid Nineteenth Century: Ernest Jones, a Novelist of the People” in Nineteenth-Century Literature. Vol. 57, No. 1. (June 2002). ___________, Dickens and the Popular Radical Imagination. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007). ODAK Carlyle, Thomas, Chartism. (Read Book Design, 2011). Marx, Karl in “The Chartist Movement”, The New York Tribune. August 25, 1852. Later reprinted by The Labour Monthly, December 1929. (http://gerald-massey.org.uk/jones/b_marx.htm). Cohen, Walter, “The Merchant of Venice and the Possibilities of Historical Criticism” in Ivo Kamps (ed.), Materialistic Shakespeare: A History. (London: Verso, 1995). McDouall’s Chartist and Republican Journal. From the archive at the Goldsmiths’ Library of Economic Literature, Senate House, University of London. Evaluated January 2012. DeMaster, William, “Of Sciences and the Arts: From Influence to Interplay between Natural Philosophy and Drama” in Studies in the Literary Imagination. Vol. 24, No. 2. (Fall 1991). Pig’s Meat. From the archive at the Goldsmiths’ Library of Economic Literature, Senate House, University of London. Evaluated January 2012. Hadfield, Andrew, Shakespeare and Republicanism. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). Plotz, John, “Crowd Power: Chartism, Carlyle, and the Victorian Public Sphere”, Representations, No. 70 (Spring, 2000). Hall, Roger G., “Creating a People’s History: Political Identity and History in Chartism, 1832-1848” in Owen Ashton et. al.(ed.), The Chartist Legacy. (North Woodbridge: Merlin, 1999). Randall, Timothy, “Chartist Poetry and Song” in Owen Ashton et. al. (ed.), The Chartist Legacy. (North Woodbridge: Merlin, 1999). Haywood, Ian, Working Class Fiction: From Chartism to Trainspotting. (Tavistock: Northcote House, 1998). Janowitz, Anne, Lyric and Labor in the Romantic Tradition. (Cambridge: Said, Edward W., Culture and Imperialism. (New York: Vintage Books, 1993). Showalter, Elaine, Sister’s Choice: Tradition and Change in American monograf 2014/1