ENDNOTES
1 Data supplied by the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University .
2 Data supplied by the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University .
3 J . Ronald Terwilliger Foundation for Housing America ’ s Families , The Silent Housing Crisis : A Snapshot of Current and Future Conditions ( 2015 ), 14-18 .
4 U . S . Census Bureau , Residential Vacancies and Homeownership in the Quarterly Residential Vacancies and Homeownership , Fourth Quarter 2016 ( January 31 , 2017 ).
5 Housing Act of 1949 , Pub . L . 81−171 , S . 1070 , enacted July 15 , 1949 .
6 Tax Policy Center , What are tax expenditures and how are they structured ?, available at : http :// www . taxpolicycenter . org / briefing-book / what-aretax-expenditures-and-how-are-they-structured .
7 United States Government Accountability Office , Tax Expenditures : Background and Evaluation , Criteria and Questions GAO-13 , 1676P ( 2012 ), 1 , 8 .
8 Ibid . at 1 .
9 Enterprise Community Partners , The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit , available at : http :// www . enterprisecommunity . org / policy-and-advocacy / policy-priorities / low-income-housing-tax-credits .
10 U . S . Department of Housing and Urban Development , FY 2017 Congressional Justifications , 2-4 ; see also Bipartisan Policy Center , Housing America ’ s Future : New Directions for National Policy ( February 2013 ), 92-93 .
11 Internal Revenue Service , Publication 963 , available at : http :// www . irs . gov / publications / p936 / ar02 . html .
12 Benjamin H . Harris and Daniel Baneman , Who Itemizes Deductions ?, Tax Policy Center ( January 20 , 2011 ).
13 These bipartisan groups are the President ’ s Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform , established by President George W . Bush ; the Bowles- Simpson Deficit Commission , established by President Obama ; and the Domenici-Rivlin Debt Reduction Task Force . See also National Low Income Housing Coalition , A Rare Occurrence : The Geography and Race of Mortgages Over $ 500,000 ( November 2015 ), and Alan D . Viard , American Enterprise Institute , Replacing the home mortgage interest deduction ( February 26 , 2013 ).
14 Office of Policy Development and Research , U . S . Department of Housing and Urban Development , Data on Tenants in LIHTC Units as of December 31 , 2013 ( March 2016 ), 18 . The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 requires state agencies administering the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit ( LIHTC ) program to submit demographic and economic data on LIHTC tenants to the U . S . Department of Housing and Urban Development . This report marked the second release of this data by HUD . Data submitted by the states varied in completeness .
15 Ibid . at 19-20 .
18 Money is Policy : How Federal Housing Dollars Are Spent