It was Denis Gabor who in 1947, using the differential An example of everyday life is the three-dimensional
and integral calculus that von Leibnitz discovered in acoustic perception of high-fidelity stereo music. We
1714, described the possibility of three-dimensional know that the sound sources are the speakers but
photography, holography. The development of the if we adjust the phasic relationships between the
technique at that time did not allow the construction acoustic waves generated by each of them, we can
of the hologram, so years later, in 1965, Emmett Leith remove the sound from the two sources and carry it
and Juris Upatniks, built holograms with the newly between the speakers or in front of them.
invented laser beam.
Our ears and acoustic way, rebuild the sound in a place
In 1969 the neurophysiologist Karl Pribram, a profes- where we know it is unable to produce it. In this case
sor of neuroscience at Stanford University, proposed a we could ask ourselves: What is the reality? Perceived
holographic model for brain processes and deep brain appearance or what produces it? Most physicists
structure. From that moment, he demonstrated that would say that reality is the sound that the apparatus
the structures of the brain perceive the world through reproduces and not the perception we have of it.
a sophisticated mathematical analysis of temporal
and spatial frequencies. That coded information is At first glance, we might think that perceptions are
distributed, just as in the hologram, throughout the properties that arise from the interaction of the brain
whole system so that each fragment contains the with the physical universe, as well as much of the
information of the whole. gravitational and electromagnetic forces are interac-
tions between material objects and particles, yet a
In 1971 the physicist David Bohm proposed the holo- deeper look at these ideas allow us to give another
graphic organization of the universe, where habitual explanation: observations and perceptions are mental
reality would be a secondary, illusory manifestation, phenomena. Hence the fundamental properties of the
created by our senses, of an underlying true matrix. universe are perhaps mental rather than material.
He called it the unfolded aspect, and this the folded
aspect of reality.
The holographic structure of the cerebrum
Karl Pribram and David Bohm are the parents of a Until recently, brain scientists could not conceive of
new paradigm, spanning wide areas of knowledge. any mechanism that, given their anatomy and physiol-
Pribram describes the brain processes of construc- ogy, could explain why injuring or severing a piece of
tion of reality, involved even when perceptions seem brain tissue does not eliminate any set of memories.
immediate.
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