Momentum - Business to Business Online Magazine MOMENTUM November 2018 | Page 28

Overview of the Business Tax Changes in the Tax Cuts & Jobs Act TCJA By: T. Mark Rush, CPA | Partner Ham, Langston & Brezina, LLP [email protected] Part 4 of a Series on the new Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Here’s a look at one of the more important elements of the new tax law that added a new 20% deduction for “Qualified Business Income” (“Pass-Through” Income) that takes effect beginning in 2018. The deduction is 20% of the “qualified business income (QBI)” from a partnership, S corporation, or sole proprietorship. The business must be conducted within the U.S. to qualify, and specified investment—related items are not included, e.g., capital gains or losses, dividends, and interest income. Also, QBI does not include reasonable compensation received from an S corporation, or a guaranteed payment received from a partnership for services provided to a partnership’s business. The deduction is taken “below the line,” i.e., it reduces your taxable income but not your adjusted gross income. But it is available regardless of whether you itemize deductions or take the standard deduction. In general, the deduction cannot exceed 20% of the excess of your taxable income over net capital gain. For taxpayers with taxable income above $157,500 ($315,000 for joint filers), an exclusion from QBI of income from “specified service” trades or businesses is phased in. These are trades or businesses involving the performance of services in the fields of health, law, consulting, athletics, financial or brokerage services where the principal asset is the reputation or skill of one or more employees or owners. Here’s how the phase-in works: If your taxable income is at least $50,000 above the threshold, i.e., $207,500 ($157,500 + $50,000), all the net income from the specified service trade or business is excluded from QBI. (Joint filers would use an amount $100,000 above the $315,000 threshold, viz., $415,000.) If your taxable income is between $157,000 and $207,500, you would exclude only that percentage of income derived from a fraction the 27 MOMENTUM / November 2018 numerator of which is the excess of taxable income over $157,500 and the denominator of which is $50,000. So, e.g., if taxable income is $167,500 ($10,000 above $157,500), only 20% of the specified service income would be excluded from QBI ($10,000/$50,000). (For joint filers, the same operation would apply using the $315,000 threshold, and a $100,000 phase-out range.) Additionally, for taxpayers with taxable income more than the above thresholds, a limitation on the amount of the deduction is phased in based either on wages paid or wages paid plus a capital element. Here’s how it works: If your taxable income is at least $50,000 above the threshold, i.e., $207,500 ($157,500 + $50,000), your deduction for QBI cannot exceed the greater of (1) 50% of taxpayer’s allocable share of the W-2 wages paid with respect to the qualified trade or business, or (2) the sum of 25% of such wages plus 2.5% of the unadjusted basis immediately after acquisition of tangible depreciable property used in the business (including real estate). So, if your QBI were $100,000, leading to a deduction of $20,000 (20% of $100,000), but the greater (1) or (2) above were only $16,000, your deduction would be limited to $16,000, i.e., it would be reduced by $4,000. And if your taxable income were between $157,500 and $207,500, you would only incur a percentage of the $4,000 reduction, with the percentage worked out via the fraction discussed in the preceding paragraph. (For joint filers, the same operations would apply using the $315,000 threshold, and a $100,000 phase-out range.) The complexities surrounding this substantial new deduction can be formidable, especially if your taxable income exceeds the threshold discussed above. Please gives us a call if you would like assistance.