Module 3 Module 3 | Page 6

BayG.A.P. SERVICE PROGRAM MODULE 3 Advantages: • Widely utilized, workers generally know how to operate and maintain the system • Minimal capital investment is required to set up the system • Systems are easily managed and maintained • Gravity is utilized as the source for system energy • Climatic and water quality factors only have little to no impact on the systems • … Automatic irrigation systems allow a lot of advan- tages. After installation, water distribution on the fields requires less attention and permanent control by workers. Automated irrigation systems offer many flexible ways to design irrigation solutions. Even simply designed systems allow larger areas to be controlled with few human resources. Already simply designed mechanical solutions work, e.g. clay pot or porous capsule irrigation networks and bottle irrigation. Disadvantages: • The soil may not have varying properties • Lower efficiency of applying water compared to sprinkler or trickle systems • High initial effort to grade field, if possible at all • High demand of labour for set up • … For instance, the intermittent gravity-flow irrigation system shown below is a widely used solution for small-scale agriculture. Through a siphon, con- ventional valves can be replaced offering a more cost-effective system that is easy to operate and to maintain. For a simple system, nothing more than a storage tank combined with one or more siphons is required. Water flows from the tank to the field because water is automatically sucked down the tube due to a difference in height (siphon effect). Water irrigation flow stops auto- matically when the tank has run empty. Irrigation is upheld simply by regular re-filling of the tank and the siphon effect continues. Automatic Irrigation Automated irrigation are systems requiring no or minimal intervention from operators. Efficiency of irrigation is raised and workers are more avail- able for other important tasks on the farm. On the downside, these systems are usually more expensive and have a higher degree of complex- ity in design, which asks for specialists in terms of planning and implementation. Gravity sucks out water 6