Military Review English Edition May-June 2016

DIPLOMACY INFORMATION MILITARY STRATEGIC ECONOMY DIME -FIL FINANCIAL SWEAT-MSO INTELLIGENCE MRsSPEA SEWER LAW ENFORCEMENT POLITICAL MILITARY ECONOMY WATER RELIGIOUS / SPIRITUAL ELECTRICITY SOCIAL ACADEMICS POLITICAL SOCIAL TRASH ECONOMIC PMES II-PT OPERATIONAL MORAL MEDICAL INFORMATION AESTHETICAL SAFETY INFRASTRUCTURE OTHER CONSIDERATIONS PHYSICAL TIME OAKOC ASCOPE MISSION ENEMY TERRAIN & WEATHER TACTICAL METT -TC OBSERVATION / FIELDS OF FIRE AREA AVENUES OF APPROACH STRUCTURES KEY TERRAIN CAPABILITIES OBSTACLES ORGANIZATIONS COVER & CONCEALMENT PEOPLE TROOPS & SUPPORT AVAILABLE TIME CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS EVENTS Figure 1. Mission Analysis Tools weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations) is the tried-and-true tool for the tactical level planner. Army scholars have further elaborated on different aspects of these mission-analysis planning tools. For example, Army engineers have created an additional mnemonic tool for analyzing infrastructure derived from PMESII-PT. The now ubiquitous SWEAT-MSO (sewer, water, electric, academics, trash, medical, safety, and other considerations) has been a combat-tested mission analysis tool for operational-level planners. Elsewhere, at the tactical level, leaders often use other mnemonics such as OAKOC (observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment) to improve understanding of terrain and ASCOPE (area, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events) to further dissect the civil considerations of 90 (Figure by Maj. Brian Hildebrand) METT-TC. The creation of these mnemonic devices and their usefulness as mission analysis tools testify to the complexity of the operational environment. The human domain, equally as complex as the operational environment, requires the same thoughtfulness, introspection, and analysis in order to understand it. Creating a mission analysis tool for the human domain does not have to be an elaborate or laborious process. There is truth in the old adage that to know others you must know yourself first. An introspective awareness of beliefs, values, and actions creates a baseline of knowledge, which leaders and soldiers can compare to other societies and derive commonalities. These commonalities can become a framework similar to SWEAT-MSO at the operational level and OAKOC and ASCOPE at the tactical level, and are a subset of factors under the social aspect of the operational factors PMESII-PT. Used as an May-June 2016 MILITARY REVIEW

Military Review English Edition May-June 2016 | Page 92