Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 98

PART 1 WORLD REVIEW
State Measures Agreement”, PSMA), entered into
force on 5 June 2016. As of 5 April 2018, the
agreement had 54 Parties, including the European
Union. The Parties to PSMA are now working
together towards its effective implementation,
including by encouraging non-Parties to adhere to
the agreement.
“Small-scale fisheries and aquaculture” in
Part 3 and Box 19, page 140). Other important
opportunities to expand the evidence base
include the global conference Tenure and User
Rights in Fisheries 2018: Achieving Sustainable
Development Goals by 2030 (September 2018)
and the third Global Congress on Small-Scale
Fisheries, organized through the Too Big To
Ignore research partnership (October 2018).
The First Meeting of the Parties, in May 2017,
defined roles and responsibilities and
established a roadmap supported by a
workplan, not only for the Parties, but also for
international organizations and bodies,
including FAO and RFMOs (FAO, 2017j). The
workplan includes the development of
mechanisms and a staged approach for data
exchange. Monitoring of implementation of
the agreement, including challenges faced,
will initially take place ever y two years. The
Parties also agreed to begin reporting on
national contact points, designated ports and
other relevant information for the
implementation of the agreement, and to
publish the information in a dedicated section
within the FAO website. Meetings of the
Parties will be held ever y two years.
Tightening the net around illegal, unreported and
unregulated fishing
Addressing IUU fishing and its impacts on
biodiversit y and the social and economic
sustainabilit y of fisheries continues to be an
essential part of fisheries governance, as IUU
fishing threatens resource conser vation, the
sustainabilit y of fisheries and the livelihoods
of fishers and other stakeholders in the sector
and exacerbates malnutrition, povert y and
food insecurit y (see “Combating illegal,
unreported and unreg ulated fishing: global
developments” in Part 2).
Confronting the issue is especially critical in
developing countries which lack the capacit y and
resources for effective monitoring, control and
sur veillance. Strong political will and concerted
action by f lag States, port States, coastal States
and market States are required to tackle the many
facets of the problem, which include:
„ „ fishing and fishing-related activities conducted
in contravention of national, regional and
international laws (illegal);
„ „ non-reporting or misreporting of information
on fishing operations and their catches
(unreported);
„ „ fishing by Stateless (unregistered) vessels
(unreg ulated);
„ „ fishing in convention areas of RFMOs by non-
part y vessels (unreg ulated);
„ „ fishing activities that are not fully reg ulated by
States and cannot be easily monitored and
accounted for (unreg ulated);
„ „ fishing connected with areas or fisher y
resources for which there are no conser vation
or management measures (unreg ulated).
Collaboration among RFMOs and States in the
exchange of information on fishing vessels and on
their activities to implement PSMA supports not
only port States in combating IUU fishing, but
also flag States in the control of their vessels,
coastal States in protecting their fishery resources
and market States in ensuring that products
derived from IUU fishing do not enter their
markets. Properly implemented, such cooperation
to ensure effective enforcement will lead to much
more sustainable fisheries around the world.
Catch documentation schemes (CDSs) are
market-related measures that have been
developed specifically to combat IUU fishing
and complement the PSM A. Tr ying to avoid a
proliferation of unilaterally developed CDSs,
FAO members in 2017 endorsed the
Voluntar y Guidelines on Catch
Documentation Schemes (discussed in the
section on IUU fishing in Part 2). Next steps
to keep the process moving forward will be
to address the practical aspects and to
generate global g uidance on implementation
of these voluntar y g uidelines.
A major achievement in the global effort to combat
IUU fishing, the binding FAO Agreement on Port
State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (“Port
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