Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 95

THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2018
Nairobi Convention in the Southwestern Indian
Ocean, and an initiative to advance cooperation
between the Regional Commission for Fisheries
(RECOFI) and the Regional Organization for the
Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME)
in the Arabian Sea (see “The emerging role of
regional cooperation for sustainable
development” in Part 4).
means for increasing production efficiency and
improving aquatic animal health. The Genetic
Improvement of Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) project,
for example, has played an important role in the
expansion of Nile tilapia culture (now reported
in 87 countries) by helping to avoid the negative
impacts of inbreeding or poor genetic
management (Gjedrem, 2012). Through
maintenance of high levels of genetic variation
and genetic selection for important traits, the
project has resulted in superior performance in
many aquaculture stocks.
Responding to recommendations from a variet y
of fora – the United Nations General Assembly
(2005), the twent y-sixth and twent y-seventh
sessions of COFI (2005, 2007) and the first
Kobe meeting of tuna RFMOs (2007) – RFMOs
are increasingly using four criteria to review
their performance:
„ „ assessment of the conser vation and
management of fish stocks;
„ „ the level of compliance with and enforcement
of international obligations;
„ „ the status of current legal frameworks,
financial affairs and organization;
„ „ the level of cooperation with other
international organizations and non-member
States.
Fisheries and internationally shared resources
Achieving the SDGs requires cooperation at the
regional level, as exploitation of fisher y resources
often involves several countries. SDG 14 provides
a strong impetus for regional and institutional
cooperation to coordinate efforts to meet ocean-
related targets across areas and ecosystems. In
this regard, RFMOs are uniquely and strategically
positioned to take a leading part in regional and
global efforts in the fight against illegal,
unreported and unreg ulated (IUU) fishing and
addressing overfishing.
These reviews are being institutionalized and
undertaken with increasing regularity and
frequency. As at 23 October 2017, 15 RFMOs had
undergone performance reviews, 10 and six of them
(CCSBT, ICCAT, IOTC, NASCO, NEAFC, SEAFO)
had also conducted a second performance review,
with more planned by others.
R FBs, and particularly RFMOs, have long been
essential for support to and implementation of
management of shared fisher y resources.
Increasingly, they are also providing key
ser vices in capacit y building and strengthening
of regional and global scientific knowledge in
support to development and management of
fisheries and aquaculture. The Regional Fisher y
Body Secretariats Network (RSN) is increasingly
playing a key role in this regard through
coordination and the sharing of information and
experiences among the 53 RFBs.
Integrating fisheries into area-based management
decisions
Fisheries and fishers have been increasingly
considered in area-based management
discussions, for example during the fourth
International Marine Protected Areas Congress
(IMPAC4) and the United Nations Ocean
Similarly, as more demands are made on the use
of the coastal and aquatic environment by an
ever-growing array of sectors, and as demand for
fisheries and aquaculture products increases
worldwide, the need for cooperation between
R FBs and organizations that deal with the
management of human activities in other sectors
rises rapidly. In response, cooperation
frameworks are being developed between
regional seas programmes and various RFBs.
Examples include a draft Memorandum of
Understanding between the Southwest Indian
Ocean Fisher y Commission (SWIOFC) and the
10  Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living
Resources (CCAMLR); Commission for the Conservation of Southern
Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT); General Fisheries Commission for the
Mediterranean (GFCM); Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission
(IATTC); International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic
Tunas (ICCAT); Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC); International
Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC); Northwest Atlantic Fisheries
Organization (NAFO); North Atlantic Salmon Conservation
Organization (NASCO); North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission
(NEAFC); North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC); Pacific
Salmon Commission (PSC); Regional Commission for Fisheries
(RECOFI); South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO); Western
and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC).
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