Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 92

PART 1 WORLD REVIEW
Increased economic interdependencies, coupled
with limited management and governance
capacit y in developing countries, have increased
the sustainabilit y divide between developed and
developing countries (see Box 4 in Part 2, page 91).
To eliminate this disparit y while making progress
towards the zero-overfishing target set by the
2030 Agenda, the global communit y needs to
support developing nations in fully realizing the
potential contributions of fisheries and
aquaculture.
waste through more complete utilization and
reductions in post-har vest losses.
„ „ Goal 13: Climate action. Fisheries and aquaculture
have a lower environmental impact than
ruminant meat production (Clark and Tilman,
2017). Inland fisheries have a particularly low
carbon footprint in comparison with other food
sources (Ainsworth and Cow x, 2018).
„ „ Goal 15: Life on land. Freshwater ecosystems, of
which inland fisheries are ver y much a part,
are a rich source of biodiversit y (see “Global
inland fisheries revisited: their contribution to
achievement of the SDGs” in Part 2).
SDG 14, Life below water, has clear connections
to the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Fisheries
are an integral part of healthy ecosystems, and
the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EA F) and
the ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EA A) are
being mainstreamed in management of capture
fisheries and aquaculture (see “Implementing the
ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture:
achievements and challenges” in Part 2).
However, the sector is also highly relevant to
nine other SDGs:
„ „ Goal 1: Eradication of poverty. Responsible fisheries
and fisheries value chains support the
livelihoods of the poor and the v ulnerable with
inclusive access to fisheries and related
economic resources.
„ „ Goal 2: Zero hunger. In terms of food utilization,
the benefits of fish in the human diet are well
established.
„ „ Goal 3: Good health and well-being. Fisheries contribute
to health and well-being not only through
improved nutrition and livelihoods, but also in
the biocontrol of disease vectors.
„ „ Goal 5: Gender equality. Fisheries empower women
and contribute to gender equit y; however, their
role has largely been unrecognized (HLPE,
2014).
„ „ Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation. Healthy inland
aquatic ecosystems are indicators of good
water qualit y, with benefits both in terms of
productive fisher y resources and in terms of
municipal drinking-water that requires
minimal treatment.
„ „ Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth. The capture
fisheries and aquaculture primar y sector
provided work for almost 60 million people
globally in 2016, with particular importance in
developing countries.
„ „ Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production. Many
fisheries are increasingly addressing issues of
The international community is seeking to ensure
the involvement of stakeholders from the fisheries
and aquaculture sector in the SDG discussions and
is raising awareness to promote policies and
practices that will ensure the sector’s contributions
towards meeting all ten relevant SDGs. Events and
initiatives designed to reinforce and support the
sector’s role in achieving the SDGs include the
series of Our Ocean conferences (hosted by the
United States of America [2014], Chile[2015], Malta
[2017], Indonesia [2018], Norway [2019] and Palau
[2020]), the 2017 and 2020 United Nations Ocean
Conferences, the new annual International Day for
the Fight against Illegal, Unreported and
Unregulated Fishing on 5 June, and the
International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and
Aquaculture in 2022 (see Box 18 in Part 3, page 139).
The biennial meetings of the FAO Committee on
Fisheries (COFI) – which serves as the only global
intergovernmental forum examining major
international fisheries and aquaculture issues –
support the 2030 Agenda through
recommendations and guidance addressed to
governments, regional fishery bodies, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), fish workers,
FAO and the international community (Figure 32).
Fisheries and global governance
Fisheries in the oceans science–policy interface
The United Nations General Assembly continues to
address multiple ocean-related matters, including
those concerning fisheries and aquaculture, with
annual resolutions on Oceans and the Law of the
Sea and on Sustainable Fisheries.
The 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on
Sustainable Development called for a reg ular
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