Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 83

THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2018
FIGURE 26
SKIPJACK TUNA PRICES IN ECUADOR AND THAILAND
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
May
2008
May
2009
Thailand
May
2010
May
2011
May
2012
May
2013
May
2014
May
2015
May
2016
May
2017
Ecuador
NOTES: Data refer prices for 4.5–7.0 pounds (2.0–3.2 kg) of fish. For Thailand, C&F (cost and freight); for Ecuador, ex-vessel.
» popularit y of Japanese cuisine in international
Bivalves
markets. Tuna prices rose over the course of 2017
(Figure 26), although demand growth in both
developing and developed markets is less robust
than that of some other heavily traded
commodities such as salmon and shrimps.
The most heavily traded bivalve mollusc species
are mussels, clams, scallops and oysters, and the
vast majorit y are farmed. China is by far the
largest exporter of bivalves, exporting almost
three times as much as Chile, the second largest
exporter, in 2016. China also has significant
domestic consumption, although the European
Union is the largest single market for bivalves.
Bivalves are widely promoted as healthy and
sustainable food items, and demand has been
rising in recent years.
Cephalopods
The class of cephalopods includes octopus, squid
and cuttlefish. In the past two years, China and
Morocco were the largest exporters of octopus,
while China, Peru and India were the top three
exporters of squid and cuttlefish. Japan, the
United States and larger southern European
countries such as Spain and Italy are the most
important consumer markets. China and
Thailand are also large importers, although
much of this volume is raw material for
processing and re-export. The growing
worldwide popularit y of Japanese cuisine, as well
as Hawaiian poke (fish salad) and Spanish tapas,
has helped to boost demand for cephalopods,
particularly squid and octopus. However, poor
catches meant tightened supplies in 2016 and
2017, and traded prices rose strongly.
Small pelagics and fishmeal and fish oil
Small pelagic fish include, among others, a
number of different species of mackerel, herring,
sardine and anchov y. The fisheries for these
species, and the major exporters, are widely
geographically dispersed, and the network of
international trade f lows is large and complex.
Small pelagic species are used for both human
consumption – especially in African markets –
and the production of fishmeal and fish oil, used
primarily as feed ingredients in the aquaculture
and livestock industries. Over late 2016 and early »
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