Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 191

THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2018
choices of fishery and aquaculture producers
worldwide, even in very remote regions. Many
large and important fisheries, both marine and
inland, are driven mostly by export markets.
While globalization is the source of important
pressures for fishing and aquaculture, it also
provides an opportunity for better and improved
cooperation in fisheries management. Cooperation
between organizations dealing with fisheries
management and resource sustainability, such as
FAO, and those that focus more specifically on
issues of environmental health, such as UNEP,
needs to be reinforced by greater cooperation with
those concerned with regulating trade, such as
WTO. Such triangular cooperation has the
potential to be a game-changer for the
sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture, as it
can bring together the elements necessary for a
real departure from “business as usual”.
Sustainable Management, Use and Protection
of the Caribbean and North Brazil Shelf Large
Marine Ecosystems was formally established
through the signature of a Memorandum of
Understanding by five interregional
governmental organizations: OSPESCA; the
Central American Commission on Environment
and Development (CCAD); the Caribbean
Communit y (CA RICOM) Secretariat; the
Caribbean Regional Fisher y Mechanism
(CR FM); and the Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States (OECS) Commission.
The importance of such efforts and the need to
further enhance cooperation and coordination
were recognized at the SOI Global Dialog ue with
Regional Seas Organizations and Regional
Fisheries Bodies on Accelerating Progress
Towards the Aichi Biodiversit y Targets, held in
Seoul, Republic of Korea, from 26 to 28
September 2016; they were specifically noted in
the so-called “Seoul Outcome”, an important
landmark for the joint management of the oceans
and their living resources.
Environmental protection organizations, such as
regional seas programmes or national
environment ministries, can focus some of their
aquatic environment inter ventions on those areas
that can have the highest impact on keeping the
balance and productivit y of aquatic ecosystems,
especially those related to international trade.
They can get specialized sectoral information
from the fisheries and trade organizations and
can also delegate some direct inter ventions to
these organizations, with impacts also on
environmental qualit y.
Casting a wide net: cooperation among
fisheries management, environmental
protection and trade regulation
The efforts described above are important, but
they are clearly insufficient. The 2030 milestone
adopted by the nations of the world for the SDGs
is only 12 years away. In those 12 years, the world
is expected to number almost another billion
people. Providing present and future generations
with adequate food and livelihoods will require an
approach that deviates from “business as usual”.
However, history has shown that human activities
require other types of incentives to change than
only the application of the precautionary principle.
Fisheries management organizations, mostly
RFBs and national fisheries ministries, in
cooperation with other State and non-State
actors, may concentrate their management
actions on reducing environmental impacts of
fisheries and increasing the ecological, social and
economic sustainabilit y of the sector. They will
be able to rely on more targeted and up-to-date
information on the indirect impact of fisheries
and aquaculture on the wider environment and
on the trade dynamics related to fisheries and
aquaculture for informing fisheries management
decisions. On the implementation side, they will
benefit from better upstream control of
environmental qualit y directly relevant to
fisheries and aquaculture, and from more
targeted trade reg ulations that will support,
rather than complicate, the necessar y actions for
the management of fisheries.
The globalization process that has accompanied
the growth of human population, and which is
expected to continue to increase, presents its own
unique challenges and opportunities for building a
sustainable future. Fish and fish products are
some of the most internationally traded
commodities, and over 35 percent of the fish
produced is traded internationally. Trade pressures
and market demand and choices, especially in the
most affluent societies, influence greatly the
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