Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 159

THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2018
BOX 21
NHA TRANG INDICATORS TO MEASURE THE CONTRIBUTION OF
SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE TO SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Financial capital
8 Percentage of cash income from SSA to total
household cash income
9 Economic return from SSA to households
10 Percentage of economic value from SSA
production to production from all aquaculture in
the province
Natural capital
1 Types and number of nutrient flows
2 Number of farm production uses of water
Physical capital
3 Number of small-scale aquaculture (SSA) farms
and farm areas increased over three years in the
study area
4 Types and number of rural infrastructure
investments induced by SSA
5 Types and number of rural infrastructure
investments induced not purposely for SSA but
benefiting SSA
Social capital
11 Percentage of farm households that are active
members of SSA programmes/associations/
organizations
12 Percentage of number of SSA farm activities in
which women take the major decision-making role
13.1 Number of SSA households that share fish

products and other farm resources
13.2 Number of activities in which farmers work

together to improve the shared resources in the

community (e.g. water system, road, reservoir)
14 Ratio of family labour who previously worked

solely or mainly in non-SSA (including off-farm

jobs) but now work in SSA to total family labour
Human capital
6 Per capita annual consumption of fish in SSA
household (only fish for their own SSA harvest)
7 Season of the year when the household relies
more on its own harvest than on fish from other
sources
SOURCE: Bondad-Reantaso and Prein, 2009
The system was developed through the
following steps (FAO, 2010c): understanding
the subject of measurement; identif ying an
analytical framework and setting criteria;
developing a list of small-scale aquaculture
contributions; categorizing the contributions
based on the analytical framework and agreed
criteria; devising and organizing indicators of
the contributions; and measuring the
indicators. The sustainable livelihood
approach was used as the conceptual
framework and accuracy, measurabilit y and
efficiency as the agreed criteria. The
sustainable livelihood approach ref lects the
primar y objective of a small-scale aquaculture
system, i.e. to balance the use and/or
development of the five t y pes of livelihood
capital or assets (natural, physical, human,
financial and social).
priorities and allocating resources. Pilot tests of
the indicators have been carried out in a number
of Asian countries.
The indicator system (Box 21) is based on a
definition in which small-scale aquaculture is
characterized as a continuum of:
„ „ systems involving limited investment in
assets and small investment in operational
costs, including largely family labour and in
which aquaculture is just one of several
enterprises (known in earlier classifications
as Type 1 or rural aquaculture);
„ „ systems in which aquaculture is the
principal source of livelihood, in which the
operator has invested substantial livelihood
assets in terms of time, labour,
infrastructure and capital (also known as
Type 2 aquaculture).
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