Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 146

PART 3
HIGHLIGHTS OF
ONGOING STUDIES
CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACTS AND
RESPONSES
Implementation of the Paris Agreement is
based on nationally determined contributions
(NDCs), through which Parties report
progress on their actions. Over 80 countries
have so far included fisheries and/or
aquaculture in their priorit y adaptation areas
and actions (Strohmaier et al., 2016) (Box 15). In
general, the priorit y adaptation areas outlined
by countries have limited specificit y and
ambition, mainly because of limited empirical
understanding of the impacts of climate
change at spatial and temporal scales relevant
for decision-making; insufficient g uidance on
the potential adaptation tools available to the
sector; and insufficient technical capacit y to
make the case for including fisheries and
aquaculture in the development of NDCs.
Addressing these three elements would ensure
that effective measures are taken to maximize
the opportunities and minimize the negative
impacts of climate change.
The Paris Agreement of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) (UN, 2015c), which came into force on 5
October 2016, strengthens the global response to
climate change, with its signatories committing to
keep global temperature rise this century well
below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. The
agreement also emphasizes the relationship among
climate change actions, sustainable development
and the eradication of poverty, and recognizes the
particular vulnerabilities of food production
systems to the adverse impacts of climate change.
The Paris Agreement is an integral part of the 2030
Agenda, wherein SDG 13 calls for urgent actions to
combat climate change and its impacts.
BOX 15
CLIMATE CHANGE AND POVERTY ERADICATION IN FISHERIES
documents analysed (9 of 155) include strategies that
will concretely improve fishers’ livelihoods and
environments such as social protection schemes,
decent rural employment, access to services or even a
gender focus. This means most NDCs will not reach
the poor and most vulnerable to climate change
(sectors of the population that the Paris Agreement
prioritizes) in fisheries and aquaculture. This lack of
social development strategies could result in weak
NDC plans and inefficient use of time and resources.
To further the understanding of the climate change and
poverty nexus, FAO is conducting an analysis of
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to find
complementarities and gaps between the international
climate change regime narrative and national
implementation plans in the fisheries and aquaculture
sector (Kalikoski et al., 2018). The narrative presented
by IPCC and the Paris Agreement prioritizes actions
that account for vulnerable people, places and
ecosystems. However, only a few of the NDC
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