Medidas de Gestao das Pescarias Marinhas e Aquicultura 2019 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 | Page 139

THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2018
(FAO and World Bank, 2015). In recent years,
FAO has provided g uidance on spatial planning
to many countries, including aquaculture
zoning and site selection with an ecosystem
perspective (Ag uilar-Manjarrez, Soto and
Brummett, 2017).
barriers to physical impacts. Fisheries- and
aquaculture-dependent communities with
strong social systems and diversified
livelihood options have higher adaptive
capacit y and lower sensitivit y to change.
Practical implementation
In Europe, three regional projects financed by
the European Commission and involving FAO
have adopted the principles of EA A:
“Developing Site Selection and Carr ying
Capacit y Guidelines for Mediterranean
Aquaculture within Aquaculture Appropriate
Areas” and “Indicators for Sustainable
Development of Aquaculture and Guidelines for
their use in the Mediterranean”, both
implemented through the General Fisheries
Commission for the Mediterranean; and the
Europe-wide project EU H2020 “AquaSpace –
Making Space for Aquaculture”.
Together with a number of partners, FAO
continues to dedicate substantial effort to
promoting EA F/EA A among its Members through
publications, regional and expert meetings and
projects in more than 20 countries to date. The
main objective of these activities has been to
address sustainabilit y at the local level by
enabling multistakeholder participation and
promoting the EA F/EA A process.
A particular line of work that has merited a
great deal of attention and effort has been the
development of EA F/EA A management plans
and capacit y development initiatives for
national and regional administrations on their
development and implementation. FAO and its
partners have supported the development and
implementation of EA F in over 50 fisheries
management plans across Africa, Asia and the
Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean,
with the support of national authorities, other
organizations and projects such as the EA F-
Nansen project (Box 14), the GEF International
Waters Programme and the World Bank. In
particular, the Bay of Bengal Large Marine
Ecosystem (BOBLME), the Beng uela Current
Commission (BCC), the Canar y Current Large
Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), the Caribbean
Large Marine Ecosystem (CLME), the Guinea
Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) and
the Ag ulhas and Somali Current Large Marine
Ecosystem (ASCLME) explicitly include
implementation of EA F in their scope of work.
FAO has funded EA A implementation projects
in a number of countries including Chile,
Kenya, Malawi, Nicarag ua, the Philippines,
Turkey and Zambia.
A three-year participator y process in the early
2010s led to the development of an EA A/EA F
management plan for Estero Real, a tropical
estuar y in Nicarag ua (FAO, 2014c). Elements in
the plan include improving environmental
performance in shrimp farming, implementing
a monitoring system to assess impacts of
climate change, developing a programme to
shift fishers into the shrimp aquaculture value
chain, improving local governance and
implementing an extension programme.
Implementation of the plan is moving forward
slowly but with strong ownership, gender
inclusion, political will and improved public–
private cooperation.
In Central America, awareness raising about
EA F/EA A for key stakeholders from eight
countries, supported by the Central American
Organization of the Fisheries and Aquaculture
Sector (OSPESCA), led to the development of a
regional EA F/EA A management plan for
shrimp fisheries and aquaculture (Gumy, Soto
and Morales, 2014). The participating countries
are making efforts to create conditions for the
implementation of the plan.
Spatial planning of aquaculture, considering
the social, economic and environmental
dimensions of sustainabilit y, is particularly
important in the EA A framework, especially
when aquaculture takes place in common
propert y such as the sea or natural water bodies
In Chile, the Fisheries and Aquaculture Law is
being reviewed to include EA F/EA A, and a
20-year policy for aquaculture development is
being prepared using EA A for g uidance.
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