Table 2 : Descriptive statistics of selected conditions
Clinical Conditions
Kidney Failure
Immunocompromised State
Diabetes Mellitus
CHF
COPD
CHD
Asthma
Other Cardiovascular Disease
Mental and Behavioral Disorder
Essential Hypertension
Dementia
TOTAL N (%)
Hospitalization ICU Admission Intubation Death N (%) N (%) N (%) yes 916 308 ( 33.6 %) 131 ( 14.3 %) 57 ( 6.2 %) 115 ( 12.6 %) no 27,969 2,363 ( 8.4 %) 831 ( 3 %) 282 ( 1 %) 432 ( 1.5 %) yes 597 156 ( 26.1 %) 63 ( 10.6 %) 29 ( 4.9 %) 50 ( 8.4 %) no 28,288 2,515 ( 8.9 %) 899 ( 3.2 %) 310 ( 1.1 %) 497 ( 1.8 %) yes 3,615 888 ( 24.6 %) 347 ( 9.6 %) 134 ( 3.7 %) 216 ( 6 %) no 25,270 1,783 ( 7.1 %) 615 ( 2.4 %) 205 ( 0.8 %) 331 ( 1.3 %) yes 1,146 362 ( 31.6 %) 154 ( 13.4 %) 54 ( 4.7 %) 137 ( 12 %) no 27,739 2,309 ( 8.3 %) 808 ( 2.9 %) 285 ( 1 %) 410 ( 1.5 %) yes 1,233 362 ( 29.4 %) 152 ( 12.3 %) 49 ( 4 %) 116 ( 9.4 %) no 27,652 2,309 ( 8.4 %) 810 ( 2.9 %) 290 ( 1 %) 431 ( 1.6 %) yes 2,213 607 ( 27.4 %) 235 ( 10.6 %) 88 ( 4 %) 174 ( 7.9 %) no 26,672 2,064 ( 7.7 %) 727 ( 2.7 %) 251 ( 0.9 %) 373 ( 1.4 %) yes 2,262 257 ( 11.4 %) 89 ( 3.9 %) 31 ( 1.4 %) 55 ( 2.4 %) no 26,623 2,414 ( 9.1 %) 873 ( 3.3 %) 308 ( 1.2 %) 492 ( 1.8 %) yes 2,370 333 ( 14.1 %) 126 ( 5.3 %) 38 ( 1.6 %) 69 ( 2.9 %) no 26,515 2,338 ( 8.8 %) 836 ( 3.2 %) 301 ( 1.1 %) 478 ( 1.8 %) yes 8,287 920 ( 11.1 %) 303 ( 75.9 %) 96 ( 1.2 %) 233 ( 2.8 %) no 20,598 1,751 ( 8.5 %) 659 ( 3.2 %) 243 ( 1.2 %) 314 ( 1.5 %) yes 3,315 463 ( 14 %) 175 ( 5.3 %) 56 ( 1.7 %) 73 ( 2.2 %) no 25,570 2,208 ( 8.6 %) 787 ( 3.1 %) 283 ( 1.1 %) 474 ( 1.9 %) yes 889 221 ( 24.9 %) 82 ( 9.2 %) 18 ( 2 %) 141 ( 15.9 %) no 27,996 2,450 ( 8.8 %) 880 ( 3.1 %) 321 ( 1.1 %) 406 ( 1.5 %) Abbreviations : CHD = Coronary Heart Disease ; CHF = Congestive Heart Failure ; ICU = Intensive Care Unit .
Table 3 : Relative risk of selected comorbid conditions adjusted for age and gender ( 95 % confidence interval )
Hospitalization ICU Admission Intubation Death Kidney Failure 1.7 ( 1.5-1.9 ) 1.9 ( 1.6-2.2 ) 2.3 ( 1.7-3.1 ) 2.1 ( 1.7-2.5 ) Immunocompromised State 1.7 ( 1.5-2 ) 1.9 ( 1.5-2.4 ) 2.4 ( 1.7-3.5 ) 2.3 ( 1.7-3 ) Diabetes Mellitus 1.7 ( 1.5-1.8 ) 1.7 ( 1.5-1.9 ) 1.8 ( 1.5-2.3 ) 1.7 ( 1.4-2 ) CHF 1.6 ( 1.4-1.7 ) 1.8 ( 1.5-2.1 ) 1.7 ( 1.3-2.3 ) 1.8 ( 1.5-2.2 ) COPD 1.5 ( 1.3-1.6 ) 1.6 ( 1.4-1.9 ) 1.4 ( 1-1.8 ) 1.6 ( 1.3-2 ) CHD 1.4 ( 1.3-1.5 ) 1.3 ( 1.1-1.5 ) 1.3 ( 1-1.7 ) 1.2 ( 1-1.4 ) Asthma 1.4 ( 1.2-1.6 ) 1.4 ( 1.1-1.7 ) 1.4 ( 1-2 ) 1.5 ( 1.2-2 ) Other Cardiovascular Diseases 1.2 ( 1.1-1.3 ) 1.2 ( 1-1.5 ) 1 ( 0.7-1.4 ) 1.1 ( 0.8-1.3 ) Mental and Behavioral Disorders 1.2 ( 1.1-1.2 ) 1 ( 0.9-1.2 ) 0.9 ( 0.7-1.1 ) 1.4 ( 1.2-1.7 ) Essential Hypertension 1 ( 0.9-1.1 ) 1 ( 0.8-1.2 ) 0.8 ( 0.6-1.1 ) 0.8 ( 0.6-1 ) Dementia 0.9 ( 0.8-1.1 ) 0.9 ( 0.7-1.2 ) 0.5 ( 0.3-0.9 ) 1.8 ( 1.5-2.3 )
Abbreviations : CHD = Coronary Heart Disease ; CHF = Congestive Heart Failure ; ICU = Intensive Care Unit . Note : Statistically significant findings are in bold italics .
Arkansans who tested positive for COVID-19 and had previously been diagnosed with kidney failure , immunocompromised conditions ( immunocompromised conditions were defined based on 2018 and 2019 Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set Value Set Directory , e . g ., undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplant , congenital IgA deficiency , or human immunodeficiency virus infection ), diabetes mellitus , CHF , or CHD had increased risks of hospitalization , ICU admission , intubation , and death compared to COVID-19 patients without these conditions . COVID-19 patients with COPD or asthma also experienced higher risks of hospitalization , ICU admission , and death than patients without these preexisting conditions . Cardiovascular diseases other than CHF and CHD also increased the risk of hospitalization and ICU admission . Essential hypertension , however , was associated with a reduced risk of death .
>> Continued on page 118 .
116 • The Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society www . ArkMed . org