Maximum Yield USA September 2018 | Page 61

sand, coir, perlite The water being used will have a big influence on soil conditions. Where municipal or tap water is high in total dissolved solids (TDS) these “salts” will, over time, build up in the soil and on the roots causing decline in root func- tion and ultimately malnutri- tion and even drought issues. Find out what the TDS is of the water being used so you can remediate the resulting prob- lems accordingly. Depending on just how high the dissolved solids are, soil leaching may be required as often as once each year. Leaching will help push away these salts from the plant. For this reason, softened water is not recom- mended. Salt-softened water is very high in sodium. Using water softened by potassium replaces calcium and magne- sium with potassium. All three of these nutrients are required by plants in the right propor- tions, and using potassi- um-softened water, though less damaging to plants than salt softened, will still disrupt the proper balance of these nutri- ents which is likely to create plant stress issues. Creating Healthy Root Systems To grow and take up nutrients there are several soil conditions that are vital for success. Each of these conditions requires balance. An extreme in any of them will inevitable lead to abiotic stress and ultimately to disease and decline. • Balance in soil composi- tion, where it is not too sandy or too saturated with clay, is vital. “Materials like sand, compost, coir, peat moss, perlite, or vermiculite are among the amendments available for changing and improving the soil condition.” • Balance in soil moisture is also critical. Soggy or dry soils each create their own set of problems. • Balance in soil nutrient concentration, where required levels of macro and micronutrients are available and toxic levels of these are avoided, is a must. With each of these areas maintained, it is possible to create a living soil filled with beneficial microbial life that works in synergy with the plant to boost health, vitality, and growth. There are many other vital aspects to consider when growing in poor soil: soil chemistry, climate (rainy, dry, hot, cold, or windy), understanding and installing proper irrigation, and using plants capable of handling these growing conditions. If you have been having trouble keeping your landscape or outside garden healthy, you should know you have lots of company. + For additional information on Growing in Tough Soils and to review the reference information for this article, scan the QR code. Maximum Yield 61