Maximum Yield USA October/November 2020 | Page 27

newbies, don’t be scared, just get growing! HHydroponic gardening is not that intimidating, just choose your own way of going about it. This article will provide beginners with automation basics in order to get automated using any hydroponic growing method, regardless of current knowledge or skill level. Identifying Priorities Lighting and temperature control are probably the most important factors in growroom automation. In fact, these are the two main aspects that need to be controlled in any cultivation operation. Whether growing in a greenhouse, indoor garden, or other type of controlled environment, lighting and temperature are usually the most important parameters, humidity being a close third. Controlling these three are the main factors in producing a high-quality crop and maximum yield. This article explores ways to use basic automation to help. Lighting Timers For budding and flowering, many plant species depend on photoperiod rather than general age, lifecycle, or seasonal temperatures. Photoperiod simply means the amount of daylight hours versus dark hours in a 24-hour period. By controlling the photoperiod, we are simply telling the garden which season it is. In summer, days are longer while in winter nights are longer. The grow lights need to be programmed as such, and the easiest way to do this is with a heavy-duty timer. Buy lighting timers from a grow store to ensure the proper amperage rating to prevent overload to your electrical system. Most plants grow vigorously in early summer, bud in late summer, and fruit in the fall. Typical settings used to mimic seasons are 18 hours “on” for vegetative growth, as in spring/summer, and 12 hours (or less) “on” for budding fruits or flowers, as in fall/winter. Irrigation Timers A timer may also be needed for your hydroponic or aeroponic pump to automate irrigation and keep the plants fed and oxygenated. Since pumps do not have a high electrical demand like grow lights do, heavy-duty timers with high amperage ratings are not usually needed. Timers sold by most grow stores are suitable for lights and pumps. Simple timers can automate most irrigation setups and smart timers allow for remote control via Wi-Fi apps and various programming options. Attach timers to pumps to automate nearly any type of hydroponics or aeroponics irrigation setup. Temperature Control With hydroponics, water temperature is a key factor. If the water gets too hot, roots harbor pathogens and rot. With an open reservoir that is allowed to evaporate, water will stay about 8-10°F cooler than the ambient room temperature. Thermostat Controller Temperature control will allow you to manipulate the environment your plants are growing in. This allows for cultivation of a variety of crops, depending on their given needs. For example, tomatoes do not consistently flower or fruit without temperatures above 70°F. Maximum Yield 27