Maximum Yield USA October 2017 | Page 54

nutrients from the ocean Crab and lobster shells are an excellent dry organic source of nutrients, including calcium (approximately 12-23 per cent) and magnesium (up to one per cent). Of course, they have varying analysis, depending on where it was caught and what kind they are. They also give the roots something to grab onto and wrap around for a food source, creating a deeper root system. The shells also retain moisture in the soil and build the organic matter. Since crab and lobster shells are high in chitin, they promote the growth of chitin-eating bacteria in the soil. This will help eliminate ants, grubs, fungus, and root nematodes because they are all chitin-based in structure. Put around plants, crab and lobster shells will keep slugs and snails off. They also help choke out weeds and keep moles, voles, mice, etc. from digging things up. Early experiments showed that a single application of a liter of seawater per square foot of garden would last five years. Later, studies demonstrated astounding increases in bacterial populations when sufficient minerals were provided. Shellfish Waste The edible shellfish include soft-bodied mollusks, such as clams, scallops, and oysters with hard calcareous shells, and crustaceans, a class of arthropod that includes crabs, shrimp, and lobsters. Crustaceans have jointed legs and a carapace or external skeleton largely made of chitin. Oyster shells act faster than limestone to raise soil pH and come with lots of trace elements. Crushed oyster shell has the following gross analysis: 56 per cent carbonate; 37.7 per cent calcium; 1.2 per cent magnesium; 0.73 per cent sulfur; 0.57 per cent sodium; and 0.21 per cent phosphorus. These amounts can vary. Overuse of seashells can cause problems, which is why rumor has it pretty shells should not sit in potted plants. The sulfur in shells adds acidity, and high calcium may block uptake of magnesium and important trace minerals. We can do harm with indiscriminant use of any fertilizer or amend- ment, as most gardeners have learned. Get a soil test, so you know where you’re starting. Seaweed The most common seaweed fertilizer is made from Ascophyllum nodosum, commonly known as rock weed. It’s a fast-growing brown alga that’s oxygen rich and exceedingly dense in important elements such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and boron, plus 60 to 80 other trace minerals. Products include kelp meal, soluble seaweed powder, or liquid extract, all containing organic compounds that feed soil bacteria. It’s also a rich source of growth regulators, “ Though many do neutralize the salt in their product, research on adding seawater to plant media without salt removal showed no problems due to sodium. ” 52 feature