Maximum Yield USA June/July 2019 | Page 37

Hops are a warm-season crop; during the active growth phase the crop requires light of similar intensity to tomato, cucum- ber, and pepper crops. Good air flow is essential, particularly around the lower levels of the plant where high humidity can promote disease. While vigorously growing hop bines under ideal growing conditions are relatively problem free, they can be prone to mite infestations in warmer, drier conditions. Early detection and ongoing control is advisable as mites can cause considerable crop damage. Powdery mildew may also be a concern in some hop varieties, particularly where air flow is insufficient around a dense canopy. HARVEST Under good growing conditions, cones will develop along the bines in succession and ripen at slightly different times. For this reason, hand-harvesting ripe cones from the bines and leaving immature ones to develop further can be carried out on a small scale. Determining harvest ripeness can take some experience, but mature cones will appear plump, fully sized, soft and dry, light weight, slightly paler or yellow in color, and will have developed a high level of fragrance. Immature cones are generally greener, firmer, and compact and can be left to ripen on the plant. For larger scale hop crops, all the bines can be cut back and removed at harvest for easier cone removal leaving three to four feet at the base of the plant for regrowth. Once harvested, the fresh cones can be used immediately, however, shelf life is relatively short, and the quality can decline rapidly under warm conditions. “ HOPS ARE relatively easy to grow as they are extremely vigorous and heavy feeders that benefit from the controlled nutrition of hydroponic systems.” Fresh cones can be stored in the refrigerator for a few days if necessary but are best used within 24 hours. Most fresh hops, once removed from the vines, are rapidly dried to maintain quality. On a small scale, this can be done by laying the cones in a cool, dry place, out of direct light for several days until fully dried. These can then be stored in vacuum sealed bags either under refrigeration or in the freezer before use. Hydroponic hops production may be a relatively new trend and an unusual plant for protected cultivation, but their value is in the demand for high-quality fresh cones that are best used within a day or two of harvest. With a wide range of cultivars to select from and several differ- ent training system possibilities, hydroponic hops are a crop that has a promising future. Maximum Yield 37