bare
ROOTS
VOLUME 21 – NUMBER 5
June/July 2019
Featured Contributors
EH Eric Hopper has more than
10 years of experience in the
hydroponic industry as both
a retail store manager and
owner. He continuously seeks
new methods and products that
could help maximize garden
performance. Eric resides in
Michigan where he and his
family strive for a self-sufficient
and sustainable lifestyle.
KG Kent Gruetzmacher, MFA, is a
Colorado-based freelance writer and
the director of business development
at Mac & Fulton Talent Partners, an
employment recruiting firm dedicated
to the indoor gardening and
hydroponic industry. He is interested
in utilizing his MA in Humanities to
critically explore the many cultural
and business facets of this youthful,
emergent industry by way of his
entrepreneurial projects.
Contributors
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Sara Elliott
Nancy Hamilton
Rich Hamilton
Philip McIntosh
Monica Mansfield
Dr. Lynette Morgan
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A
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY (PPFD)
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD)
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density is the most accurate form of measurement
horticulturists have to determine how much plant-useable light energy there is in a
specific location within a plant canopy. More accurately, PPFD is a measure of the
number of photons in the 400-700nm range of the visible light spectrum (400-700nm
is the range that is useful to plants known as photosynthetic active radiation or PAR)
that fall on a square meter of target area per second. PPFD is measured in micromoles
per square meter per second (μmol/m 2 /s).
Check out Nancy Hamilton’s article on page 48 for more information.
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