Maximum Yield USA January 2018 | Page 95

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY Perhaps the most universal and favored method of ion measurement, electrical conductivity (EC), is the go-to method for many scientists and researchers, especially in the US. Although not solely designated for nutrient moni- toring, EC is a measure of electrically charged nutrient ions in a solution and is reported in the unit Siemens (S). There is a positive correlation between the ion concentration (or salt content) of a solution to the EC; as one goes up, so does the other. Deionized water and reverse osmosis (RO) water theoreti- cally should have ECs of zero, as both undergo a process to eliminate the contents of the solution that produce a charge. In hydroponics, the EC of most nutrient solutions ranges from 0.0-1.6, depending on stage of growth. Certain recirculating hydroponic applications facilitate lower ECs, depending on other factors including dissolved oxygen (DO) content and the frequency of nutrient solution delivery and changeout. Soil, coco coir, and other drain-to-waste applications typically require higher ECs than hydroponics. This is due to the fact that the plant roots in drain-to- waste applications aren’t continuously exposed to nutrient solution, so the nutrient strength at delivery must be slightly elevated to ensure proper absorption potential. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS/PARTS PER MILLION Despite the fancy lingo, all of this essentially means the same t