Maximum Yield USA January 2018 | Page 115

CHALLENGES OF VERTICAL FARMING To get the most productivity out of a small space, McCue suggests choosing “plants that grow quickly and in high density, primarily plants like lettuces, greens, and herbs.” However, several groups are experimenting with flowering plants, such as zinnias and violas, and small roots, like radishes and turnips, in the LGM. For a Freight Farms system to operate optimally with a wide variety of flowering plants, McCue reports that it is possible to “unlock this crop category with a few design changes here and there.” Another consideration for those looking to start a vertical farm is geographic location. Densely populated urban regions tend to lease space at a higher rate, making rent the highest fixed, recur- ring cost for every farmer operating a Freight Farm. Utilities including water and electricity typi- cally come second for highest expenses. Due to the small footprint and efficiency of the Freight Farms design, however, it is unlikely for rent and utilities to be vastly prohibitive. Still, it is important to take this into consideration before making the initial investment. McCue advises that urbanization will hugely impact the logistics of vertical farming, as some estimates suggest that 80 per cent of the global population will be living in cities by 2050. FUTURE OF VERTICAL FARMING ADVANTAGES TO VERTICAL FARMING Well into the age of automation, vertical farming offers a practical platform to incorporate many levels of automation into the grow space. Freight Farms’ LGM is outfitted with sensors that monitor the air and water and adjust the growing environment automatically based on levels set by the grower. These levels can be monitored, analyzed, and controlled in real time using their Farmhand App. This allows growers to capture the components of nature’s ideal environment and reproduce it repeatedly in a contained and protected space. With climate change on the rise, and the unpredictability of growing outdoors, Freight Farms has found a way to alleviate these issues for farmers. McCue adds that they install “LED lights that are designed to generate precisely the wavelengths of light that plants use in photosynthesis so that the farms don’t waste any energy on non-productive light.” Additionally, the LGM uses a sort of nutrient film technique (NFT) in a vertical orientation to run nutrient-rich water down the channels that cross over the roots of the plants, and the excess is recaptured and returned to the main reservoir. From there, the water is renewed, recycled, and used again. A Freight Farms’ system growing upwards of 9,000 plants uses less than five gallons per day on average. The plant capacity of the LGM varies, however, based on plant type and application. McCue explains the capacity is “changeable because unlike many other forms of hydroponic agriculture, our mature growth area has flexible grow sites that allow us to plant anywhere from one to 40 plants per vertical crop column.” As the values of farmers and consumers continue to become more aligned, mentalities continue to shift toward a more sustainably driven goal set. The process of farm-to-fork has long lacked transparency, and vertical farms such as the LGM provide the resources and insight to overcome these obstacles. Vertical farming offers the ability to reduce, or even eliminate, the need for evolved refrigeration techniques and efficient transportation methods to import produce into regions that cannot traditionally grow certain crops. Additionally, resources are used more efficiently in controlled environments, as a lot of these inputs are pre-calculated at optimal levels. The LGM uses recirculating hydroponics to collect and renew the water unused by plants in feed cycles. This cost-savings benefit prevents the Earth’s ecosystems from being adversely affected by agricultural runoff, as well as allow damaged ecosystems the chance to rebuild. McCue highlights the detrimental impact of runoff as a primary source of the planet’s pollution. Whether you are preparing for the apocalypse or considering a new business, Freight Farms has everything dialed in for you to start your own vertical farm. It provides the resources you need to focus on meeting your production demands in an ideal environment, excelling in everything from ambiance to the optimization of growing fresh produce in house. Freight Farms anticipates and prepares to open the doors to new and additional markets by working to reduce start-up costs and simplify the growing process through automation, irrespective of the farmers’ prior knowledge. groundbreakers 113