bare
ROOTS
VOLUME 22 – NUMBER 1
February /March 2020
Featured Contributors
CB Chris Bond’s research interests
are with sustainable agriculture,
biological pest control as well
as alternative growing methods.
He is a certified permaculture
designer and certified nursery
technician in Ohio and a certified
nursery professional in New York,
where he got his start in growing.
EH Eric Hopper has more than 10 years
of experience in the hydroponic
industry as both a retail store
manager and owner. He continuously
seeks new methods and products
that could help maximize garden
performance. Eric resides in Michigan
where he and his family strive for a
self-sufficient and sustainable lifestyle.
Contributors
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Monica Mansfield
Philip McIntosh
Dr. Lynette Morgan
Sally Nex
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PERMACULTURE
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Permaculture is the design and creation of gardening ecosystems that are both self-
sufficient and sustainable. The point of permaculture is to design a whole system that
mimics natural scenarios in which a garden can sustain itself and the gardener. This
process of gardening is organic, but it goes beyond simple organic gardening with a
set of principles and a focus on working with nature instead of against it.
Derived from the terms permanent and agriculture, permaculture focuses on
emulating processes found within natural systems. By mimicking natural scenarios
and connections between plants, insects, animals, and soil biology, permaculture
seeks to create a thriving ecosystem with minimal input from the gardener. Originally
defined in 1974 by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren: The conscious design and
maintenance of agriculturally productive ecosystems which have the diversity,
stability, and resilience of natural ecosystems.
Permaculture has since expanded its definition and now includes many branches:
ecological design; ecological engineering; regenerative design; environmental design;
construction; integrated water resources management; sustainable architecture; and
self-maintaining agricultural systems modeled from natural ecosystems.
Check out Monica Mansfield’s article on page 34 for more information.
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