Maximum Yield USA 2015 December | Page 80

MAINTAINING A MOTHER PLANT Another essential element in a mother plant’s fertilizer regimen is calcium. The calcium in your fertilizer is moved through the plant via the xylem from the roots to the leaves and stems, where it helps produce thicker stems and stronger cell walls. More robust cell walls and thicker stems translate to stronger clones with less disease susceptibility. Other beneficial additives for mother plants include amino acids, humic and fulvic acids, and bio-stimulants like kelp or seaweed extracts. Amino acids can open absorption pathways in roots, allowing for increased absorption of elements such as calcium, which can increase absorption a thousand fold. Humic acid, when combined with kelp extracts in a 5:2 ratio and applied to a mother plant’s root system, helps plants produce the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), which in turn helps protect plant cell membranes from heat and drought stress. This additional heat and drought stress can make a significant difference in the survival rates of tender cuttings. Foliar feeding mother plants a mixture of fulvic acid and seaweed 2-3 times per week for a couple of weeks prior to taking cuttings also makes for stronger clones. The fulvic acid acts as a chelation agent, transporting metal ions across cell membranes inside of plant cells, where they are most needed, and stimulates enzymes, increasing the rate of chemical reactions within plant cells. When foliar feeding plants, remember to add a wetting agent or surfactant to your foliar mixture for better absorption into plants. It is a small price to pay for increased efficacy! 78 Maximum Yield USA  |  December 2015 Keep Track of Age Many of the plants gardeners grow are annuals—plants that complete their life cycles, from germination to the production of seed, within one year. Keeping annuals as mother plants for extended periods of time can result in less robust cuttings that are more susceptible to diseases. As plants grow, they keep track of their cellular age with an internal clock based on their circadian rhythms. As plant cells age, they naturally become less efficient as their proteins and DNA break down. The breakdown of proteins and DNA is a slow process with little impacts early on, but the older the cells get, the greater the cumulative effect this degradation has. Eventually, it decreases the likelihood that an organism, especially a clone, will survive. While a mother plant may make an excellent donor for the first year or two, eventually it will experience enough cellular degradation that the survival rate of the cuttings will be greatly decreased. To this end, keeping track of the age of your mother plant and your cloning success rate will give you a good idea of when and if it is time to choose a new mother. Remember that a clone of a mother has the same genetic age as the original mother and regenerating a mother from a clone will likely result in the same issues that the donor plant originally had. To maintain a mother plant for extended periods of time, fertilize properly, keep track of her age and always keep back-up genetics around, because nothing lasts forever!