Maximum Yield USA 2015 April | Page 144

strengthening plants with silicon There are several theories about how silicon affects plants. First, it is believed silicon simply makes plants tougher. Silicon is taken up by the plant through the roots and accumulates in the tissues. When the concentration of silicon in plant tissue gets to a certain point, the silicon molecules begin to bind with one another, making crystalline structures in the plant. The silicon structures form around the plant’s epidermal cells, creating structures unique to each plant species (trichomes, sclereites, thicker leaves, etc.). These structures do not readily break down after the plant dies. Interestingly, many ancient plants were silicon accumulators, so paleobotanists have used these structures to identify from soil samples what ancient plants were growing in an area. In more recent times, this extra strength in plant tissues makes it harder for pests to eat through the plant. It has even been shown that silicon can wear down the ma