Maximum Yield USA 2012 March | Page 87

is. When my house was being built, I remember all the topsoil being scraped off the subdivision and dumped in big piles—which the wind then went to work on, causing localized dust storms so thick that at times I could hardly see across the road. We lose millions, perhaps billions, of tons of topsoil across the world each year that winds up in our oceans. Good quality soil tends to extend downward just inches rather than feet and that’s what sustains us; so it’s crucial that we preserve what we have. Threats to soil 1. Acidification - usually happens through intensive watering and harvesting when certain nutrients and minerals are removed that alter the acid/alkali balance, or by using too much nitrogen-rich fertilizer. 2. Soil contamination - often contaminated by industrial chemicals. It can sometimes take many years for oils, etc. to wash out of soil to the degree that plant life can grow again. 3. Desertification - this can sometimes be caused by drought, but also by general abuse where too much is taken out of the land without anything being put back into it. The land becomes infertile. 4. Soil erosion - once plant cover is removed, such as in the case of deforestation, the soil is no longer replenished with nutrients and is easily blown away or carried by rainwater runoff. 5. Salinity - where saline ground water comes to the surface, evaporates and leaves salts behind. This commonly occurs where deep rooted trees are cleared. We can all do our bit to conserve our precious soil: ∙ Start a worm farm and return the castings to the earth ∙ Start a compost pile ∙ Mulch. This not only saves water in your garden but it protects the soil and adds to it ∙ Use natural fertilizers ∙ Plant more trees and deep-rooted vegetation ∙ If you’re moving soil from one area to another, try to do it on a calm day or cover up the pile ∙ Don’t pour hazardous waste and toxic substances onto the ground (e.g., gas and oil) While peak oil has been getting increased media attention lately, a matter just as urgent is peak soil. While a life without oil is a disturbing concept, life without adequate fertile soil is downright frightening. MY Maximum Yield USA | March 2012 85