using Martian soil entirely and instead just relying on more water to grow plants, however this would
considerable narrow down the amount of plants that could be grown.
Edible plants grown in space will likely be crops that have a shorter growing time and a higher yield.
Tested plants include radishes, peas, rye, and tomatoes, all of which would thrive just fine on Mars.
Other plants that would likely be grown include various herbs, potatoes, cabbage, and lettuces. Plants
that grow quickly and easily, and can be eaten with little prep time will likely be favourites. Some plants
that have pickier growing requirements or require lots of time and space, such as carrots or corn, would
likely not be grown in any of the first few missions to Mars.
There are more benefits to growing food directly on Mars or the shuttle as well. Fresh food has been
proven to psychologically benefit the crew of the ISS and Mars mission simulations, especially when the
plants have been grown by the crew themselves. Fresh food also allows the crew to cook their own
food, providing even more variety and a morale boost. Giving the crew an opportunity to cook their own
food will make them more willing to eat what they have, which will allow the crew to be healthier than if
they simply ate to survive due to dislike for the food.
Growing plants directly on Mars is currently the most efficient, cost-friendly, and crew-friendly option
there is for feeding a Mars mission.