MANAGEMENT OF NORM IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Akpojevwa Tega Naomi, october 2016 | Page 27

Table 2.2 sludge measurement and the type of radionuclide present in it
Table 2.3 Scraping measurement and the type of radionuclide present in it.
Radioactive molecules containing radium which were not incorporated into
scale can be found in sludge, produced sands and produced waters. Other
radionuclides such as Lead-210 and Polonium-210 can also be found in
pipelines scrapings as well as sludge accumulating in tank bottoms, gas/oil
separators, dehydration vessels, liquid natural gas (LNG) storage tanks and in
waste pits as well as in crude oil pipeline scrapings. (Vandenhove, 2002)
Sludge, oily sediment that is produced during cleaning operations of oil
separators, storage tanks and other surface equipment containing mixture of
hydrocarbon, mud, natural radionuclides, sediments, bacterial growth, corrosion
particles and, is considered as NORM waste (Omar et al., 2004).
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