Male & Female Reproductive Systems Volume 3 | Page 4

through,
 making
 very
 difficult
 for
 her
 eggs
 to
 reach
 her
 womb,

preventing
 her
 from
 becoming
 pregnant,
 so
 it
 is
 a
 permanent
 form
 of

contraception.
 Female
 sterilization
 is
 not
 100
 per
 cent
 effective

because
 occasionally
 some
 eggs
 go
 through,
 but
 it
 is
 very
 close
 to
 100

per
 cent.
 Almost
 any
 woman
 can
 be
 sterilized,
 provided
 that
 she
 have

thought
 it
 over
 carefully,
 she
 is
 over
 30
 years
 old,
 or
 she
 has
 already

children.
 This
 is
 because
 reversal
 of
 the
 operation
 would
 be
 very

difficult.
 The
 Intrauterine
 Device
 (IUD):
 It
 is
 a
 T-­‐shaped
 device
 which

is
 inserted
 inside
 the
 woman’s
 womb.
 It
 contains
 a
 reservoir
 full
 of

progestogen
 hormone
 which
 is
 steadily
 released
 into
 the
 womb,

killing
 sperm
 in
 the
 uterus
 and
 preventing
 fertilization
 in
 the

Fallopian
 tube.
 When
 the
 woman
 decides
 to
 get
 pregnant,
 her
 fertility

returns
 immediately
 after
 the
 device
 is
 removed.
 The
 IUD
 can
 last
 for

up
 to
 5
 years,
 and
 after
 that,
 it
 has
 to
 be
 changed.
 Its
 contraception

effectiveness
 is
 around
 99
 per
 cent.
 Contraceptive
 Injection:
 The

injection
 contains
 a
 hormone
 which
 stops
 the
 ovulation,
 with
 the

contraceptive
 effects
 lasting
 a
 considerable
 period
 of
 time
 (between

8
 and
 12
 weeks).
 The
 injections
 are
 very
 efficient,
 about
 99
 per
 cent,

when
 used
 correctly
 and
 applied
 on
 time
 each
 period.
 This

contraceptive
 method
 is
 very
 useful
 for
 the
 many
 people
 who
 forget

to
 take
 the
 Pill.

Male
 Condom:
 Condoms
 are
 wraps
 of
 thin
 latex
 or
 plastic
 that
 trap

the
 sperm
 when
 a
 man
 climaxes.
 By
 wearing
 them,
 men
 greatly

reduce
 the
 chances
 of
 pregnancy
 in
 a
 woman.
 The
 condoms
 also

provide
 some
 protection
 against
 sexually
 transmitted
 infections,

including
 HIV,
 although
 this
 protection
 is
 not
 100
 per
 cent.
 It
 is

important
 to
 wear
 the
 condom
 throughout
 the
 sexual
 act
 and
 not
 just

at
 the
 end
 of
 it,
 in
 order
 to
 achieve
 both
 its
 contraceptive
 purposes

and
 the
 avoidance
 of
 infection.
 When
 used
 correctly,
 the
 condom’s

contraceptive
 effectiveness
 is
 about
 98
 per
 cent.
 Emergency

Contraception
 (EC):
 It
 is
 also
 known
 as
 “the
 morning
 after
 pill”.
 It

prevents
 pregnancies
 up
 to
 120
 hours
 after
 having
 unprotected
 sex.

The
 pill
 contains
 progestin
 which
 prevents
 ovulation
 and/or

fertilization.
 If
 taken
 within
 72
 hours
 after
 intercourse,
 it
 has
 a

contraception
 effectiveness
 of
 85
 per
 cent.
 EC
 can
 be
 used
 following

unprotected
 intercourse,
 contraceptive
 failure
 or
 misuse,
 or
 in
 cases

of
 sexual
 assault.
 Rhythm
 Method:
 This
 contraception
 method
 helps

identify
 the
 phases
 of
 a
 woman’s
 menstrual
 cycle
 when
 she
 is
 more

fertile
 as
 well
 as
 the
 ones
 when
 she
 is
 less
 fertile.
 By
 identifying
 these

phases
 it
 is
 possible
 to
 calculate
 the
 time
 of
 ovulation,
 and
 to
 have

intercourse
 only
 on
 the
 days
 the
 woman
 is
 less
 fertile
 in
 order
 to