MAL33:19 MAL33 | Page 20

GYN CHRONICLES Labor And Delivery Dr. Maureen Owiti I t looks like I have been very gynaecological, yet my degree makes me an obstetrician and gynaecologist. The first word tends to be a mouthful and my colleague insists everyone understands a gynaecologist but a good number can’t wrap their tongues round obstetrician. Obstetrics is the field of medicine that is concerned with the health of the woman from the moment she is pregnant till 42 days or 6 weeks after delivery. I love my Muslim brothers and sisters they call that postnatal period “arubaini” and in that period the new mum is usually at her parents’ house. Nine months have ticked away: combated fatigue morning sickness, breast tenderness and so hopefully enjoyed your second trimester went back to fatigue sleepless nights and finally the D day has come are you ready? Asked a thousand times nothing can prepare you 100% for what you are about to go through. Labor I explain to my clients is exactly what the word means. The good Lord wasn’t joking when he said we would labor during child birth. Except a few individuals who appear to have it easy the rest of us look like were “dragged to hell and came back”. Notwithstanding I believe God gave women grace and strength to endure and overcome and modern medicine is also helping in that regard. If you can afford it one can actually have pain free labor! As I have the privilege of teaching I love the definition our students regurgitate for us: labor is the process whereby an expectant mother gets contractions that increase in frequency, intensity, and duration leading to cervical effacement and dilatation with final expulsion of the fetus and products of conception. Epidural anaesthesia has revolutionized the labor process. It involves insertion of catheter (very slim tube) in a certain space called the epidural space that sur- rounds the spinal column. This allows for the women to have adequate pain re- lief but still maintain movement unlike spinal anaesthesia where the limbs can’t move for the duration of the anaesthe- sia. 18 MAL33/19 ISSUE Quite a mouthful, but yes basically that is what labor is. Now contractions are perceived by the soon to be mums as abdominal pain usually arising at the top of the womb and the closest I can describe them is like period cramps (for those who experience them), but more intense. The contraction is usually short lived and disappears after a while. So if you are experiencing continuous pain that most likely is something else and not labor. During the initial stages it may just be a few seconds and then the pain disappears for a long time. In the preceding months most women may have experienced Braxton Hicks contractions. These are similar to labor pains but the difference is when they disappear it may come back after a very long time like after a few days. In terms of the frequency it can initially be every hour and the frequency will increase over time so the pain starts coming every 10 minutes. By the time contractions are coming every 3 minutes or the woman is having 3-4 contraction in 10 minutes if you are nowhere near the hospital plan how you are getting delivered. For duration the contraction may last 5 seconds in early labor increase to 20 seconds and when near delivery contractions can last between 40-60seconds. I normally advise my clients that if they feel they are having contractions that last at least 20 seconds coming every 10 minutes they can come in for an evaluation so a determination is made whether they can continue walking about at home or get admitted. Of note is that some women don’t feel the contraction on the abdomen