MAL33:19 MAL33 | Page 14

PUBLIC RELATIONS Fake News: A Real Threat To Brands By Irene Mbonge T he modern day PR and communication landscape is quickly moving towards a more multi-faceted one. With rapid improvements brought about by new technology and platforms, digital communication can tarnish or make a brand successful. Having constant misinformation put out to the general public is no new trend. That’s what the beginnings of PR - the era of propaganda was all about after all. However, it has become particularly prevalent in the media over the last few years. Although this presents both an opportunity and challenge for PR and Communications, it is safe to say that all professionals need to be skilled in dealing with fake news by aiming to protect a brand's reputation and regain trust. ‘Fake news’ is actually not a new concept; however with the social media revolution, it has become even more difficult to differentiate between “fake” news and “real” stories. The internet has made sharing content and information more accessible, easier and rather scary by enabling seamless sharing of fabricated content, reporting and made-up or “fake” stories. Bogus content has affected how consumers perceive brands in a very vast way. To explore the issue of fake news, we can draw on a real-life incident from 2016, in which a false news story circulated on Facebook, asserting that Coca-Cola had recalled bottles of its Dasani-brand water due to the presence of aquatic parasites. For this, 468 consumers were shown an example of the 2016 Facebook posts but were not told the information was false. The consumers then answered a range of survey questions. At this point, the researchers informed the consumers that ‘Fake news’ is actually not a new concept; however with the social media revolution, it has become even more difficult to differen- tiate between “fake” news and “real” sto- ries. The internet has made sharing content and information more accessible, easier and rather scary by enabling seamless sharing of fabricated content, reporting and made- up or “fake” stories. Bogus content has af- fected how consumers perceive brands in a vast way. 12 MAL33/19 ISSUE the Facebook posts were fake news, after which the study participants answered another series of survey questions. The study established that the more consumers felt they could detect and evaluate misinformation, the more likely they were to feel that the post was intended to manipulate readers. Similarly, the less the consumers trusted Facebook, the more likely they were to feel that the post was intended to manipulate readers and they became more skeptical. However, the consumers' trust of the brand was not affected - due to the consumers' increased skepticism and inference of manipulative intent regarding the fake news. Does being aware of fake news affect the way we engage with digital content? A research study conducted by Hill Holliday among 18-61-year-olds shows that 54% of consumers seem to be wary of what they read online. 41% verify what they read against a second source and 38% distrust sites that have provided fake content in the past. What's quite absurd - 20% distrust everything they go through just because fake news is somewhere out there. Understandably, an overwhelming majority of 55% are primarily concerned about dishonest reporting and lack of journalistic integrity when it comes to current news, while the 9% who are concerned about fake reviews on Yelp