So , today ’ s cities are realities in transit towards the identification and adoption of a new generation of management models , characterised by the introduction of cutting-edge technological solutions in the management chains of the infrastructures and services and towards a professional and cultural updating of those who manage and live them . These solutions are enabling the collection , management , processing , evaluation , integration , monitoring , exchange , circulation and continuous updating of that myriad of data and information that describe urban realities , speaking above all of the territory , its citizens , their needs and habits , and , where intelligently introduced and managed , also innovations and services targeted and calibrated on actual needs and in constant evolution . On the one hand , such solutions , in particular the digital ones , will allow the city to become and to be constantly “ intelligent ” and , on the other hand , they will oblige it to engage , together with citizens and city administrators , in a “ training ” path as an upgrade and adaptation to new lifestyles , management and innovation . If the new urban management models are the “ tool ” to achieve the possibility of redesigning the city itself , convergence on the goals , methods and tools to be adopted represents that cultural and educational leap that is indispensable both to the adoption of the new management models and technological proposals and the enjoyment of the benefits that may derive from their application . The convergence process must characterise the transition as it activates and shares the evolutionary path , the implementation tools , the cultural steps and the changes necessary to transform the paradigm . We are now at the beginning of a new historical phase , characterised by a technological revolution , which does not require armies but which obliges us to fill the knowledge and convergence gap . It is necessary to put on the same track a parallel cultural and educational revolution , which will find in the will to change lifestyles , consumption and “ market ” the right key and , as well , in the strength and capacity to move from the traditional “ state ” to an innovative , more integrated and intelligent one . In essence , the “ urban restyling ” towards the digitalised city - even if it is already feasible thanks to the currently available technologies - must pass through this “ middle ground ” in order to obtain the desired result in which , at least , there is today an almost universal convergence .
Question asked by M . Leali , lighting designer > Meaning and benefits of adaptive lighting Replay by : Paolo di Lecce , chairman TC 4-620 CIE > Adaptive lighting refers to the real-time dimming of the luminous flux of lighting fixtures . A distinction can be made between discrete dimming , as in the case of adaptive TAI ( Traffic Adaptive Installation ), and continuous dimming , as in the case of adaptive FAI ( Full Adaptive Installation ). In the TAI setting , a sensor installed at the roadside measures vehicular traffic every ten minutes . Depending on the recorded data , the luminous flux will be reduced by one lighting category when the traffic flow is 50 % less than the road ’ s flow rate value and by two categories when the vehicular flow is less than 75 % of the flow rate value . Per contra , in the FAI setting , luminous flux adjustment is done continuously using a moving average that measures vehicular flow every minute and considering two other key parameters , namely luminance ( Cd / m2 ) and debilitating weather conditions . Continuous dimming is surely more efficient than discrete dimming , both because the collection of traffic data is more complete and because , while complying with the street luminance values required by the current UNI 11431 standard , a maximum reduction of three lighting categories can be made with respect to the operating category . The data used in the FAI are collected and processed by intelligent sensors that communicate the correct adjustment of the luminous flux to the remote control devices . Weather conditions that are debilitating for the driver ( such as glare caused by snow , heavy rain or fog ) favour dimming that respects road safety , which is also ensured by a feedback control of road luminance , which means that luminance control takes precedence over other parameters . Thus , through FAI ’ s adaptive lighting , road luminance can be maintained at the set values regardless of external conditions that might disturb it , such as the state of the asphalt or the deterioration and / or dirtiness of the luminaires . Compared to pre-programmed cycles , which are based on the evaluation of statistical data , FAI adaptive lighting ensures greater energy savings and high margins of road safety , since any possible dangers such as heavy traffic flow or debilitating weather phenomena are also evaluated .
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