way down the Ohio River into the Mississippi River and on to New
Orleans was in barrels stamped Bourbon County Whiskey. In my
view Bourbon is best named from the region of the young area of
the country that produced it and not some now famous street in
New Orleans. However, shipments of Kentucky Bourbon County
whiskey likely sold well in New Orleans on Bourbon Street as a
cheaper and higher proof alternative to French cognac. It was about
1870 when the first jugs of bourbon were shipped from Louisville.
A brief history of the Bourbon County area in Kentucky and
Bourbon Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, may be helpful, but it
will in no way solve the issues related to how Kentucky Bourbon
got its name. It is clear that the bourbon name is ultimately derived
from the French Bourbon dynasty. The French claimed Louisiana
as a colony in the 1690’s. The city of New Orleans was founded in
1718. Is reported that the streets were named in 1721 for the royal
houses of France and the Catholic saints. Bourbon Street paid homage to France’s ruling family, the House of Bourbon. The Bourbon
County area of Kentucky was originally part of the French province
of Louisiana that after 1763 became part of Virginia. That area of
Kentucky now comprises some 34 present day Kentucky counties.
This previously much larger area known as Bourbon County was
established as part of Virginia in 1785, and historical expanse was
transferred to the newly formed Commonwealth of Kentucky in
1792.
Bourbon is an American whiskey and by Federal Standards and
legal requirements must be produced in the United States. Bourbon
must be 51% made from corn, and aged in new charred oak barrels
that give it its reddish color and unique taste. About 95% of the
world’s bourbon comes from Kentucky. Most of the bourbon made
in Kentucky comes from a handful of conglomerate distillers. The
style of Kentucky bourbon comes from the mash bill. The mash bill
is the recipe of the grains distilled to make the bourbon. All bourbon
is at least 51% corn therefore the rest of the grain used can vary by
the amount of rye that is used and amount of wheat that is used
for flavoring. Again Federal Standards require that bourbon can be
distilled to no more than 160 US proof (80% alcohol by volume),
entered into barrels for aging at no more than 125 proof, and must
be bottled at 80 proof or more. The aging of the variation in three
basic mash bills produces the various grades and price points for
the finished product.
By getting involved with the Urban Bourbon Trail you will come
to understand that the “Whiskey Rebellion” of 1794 had little or
nothing to do with bourbon whiskey production in Kentucky. You
will learn to debate how bourbon got its name and the contributions of the Samuels family, Evan Williams, Dr. James Crow, Elijah
Craig, Jacob Spears, the Brown family, the Jim Beam family, and
the Jack Daniels Lincoln County process of Maple charcoal filtering before aging. L
M
Note: Dr. Henderson is a clinical professor at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics.
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