legitimate , but also become internalized in individuals ’ psychological mechanism of the use of violence , and the interests of the victims are affected by the influence of the dominant cultural background .
In Galtung ' s conception of violence , war is direct violence . Structural violence can also be externalized into war and conflict under certain conditions . To achieve peace , the most important task is to reduce and avoid the occurrence of violence and eliminate violence to the greatest extent . Galtung proposed that the solution to violence is Diagnosis-Prognosis-Therapy . By analyzing the state of violence and paying attention to the dynamic trajectory of the process of violence , the aim is to reduce direct violence and bring negative peace , as well as eliminate structural violence and improve life to bring positive peace .
Political system and military defense
Galtung argues that when democracy works well at home , some groups will in theory be relatively satisfied that most of their needs are met , leading to a residual peace within the country . In international competition , democracy often acts as an arbiter of non-violence , but this does not guarantee that residual peace within its own country will translate into a peaceful movement within the inter-state system . Democracies , which often profess to love peace , are not belligerent or even inclined to resort to war , they resort to force most reluctantly and only in certain circumstances . Galtung disagrees that democracies represent peace , noting that after World War II , the countries most involved in wars were the United States , the United Kingdom , France , and Israel . They were all democracies .
In Galtung ' s view , war was supported by many factors , including patriarchy , a state system that monopolized violence , and a superstate system that manipulated hegemony . He argued for the abolition of war as an institution , just as slavery and colonialism were abolished . Countries , nations or other groups sometimes attack or even resort to force because of conflicts and disputes , and the way to prevent violence is defense . First , the military should rely on defense as a replacement for aggressive foreign wars , and the defensive level should not cause panic ; second , reduce the conventional and paramilitary components , build a non-military defense system and turn to international peacekeeping mechanisms .
Galtung believes that violence and non-violence are a dilemma , and there are mainly two extreme positions in the traditional defense debate . One is pure military defense - " use violent means to destroy destructive facilities of the other side ". The second is pure non-violent defense , that is , " the use of non-violent means to make the other party unable to profit from the attack " ( Johan Galtung 2003 , 125 ). At
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