Since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 , the rapid deterioration of Sino-US relations has caused anxiety in the international community . The United States regards China as its primary competitor , and has been engaged in an escalating technological and diplomatic war with China . China-US relations have been pushed to the brink of total confrontation . How should the Chinese government respond ? This paper attempts to comb through and compare the war views of Mozi and Galtung , and to discuss the countermeasures of China ' s peace construction during the pandemic .
Galtung ' s view of war
Violence has long been narrowly defined as directly involving physical injury and war . Johan Galtung put forward such concepts as " cultural violence " and " structural violence " to explore the possibility of war on a deeper level . War is an extreme form of direct violence . Structural violence and cultural violence can be transformed into direct violence under certain conditions , leading to conflicts and wars .
Galtung believes that violence can be divided into five types : natural violence , direct violence , structural violence , cultural violence and temporal violence . Among them , " direct violence " includes verbal and physical violence , which refers to intentionally harming the interests of others and causing physical and mental damage to people through repression and intimidation . War is an extreme form of direct violence . " Structural violence " rises to the institutionalized field , which can be divided into political violence , oppressive violence , economic violence , and exploitative violence . Structural violence exists in the structure of society and the world . It harms the interests of others by means of exploitation and oppression and leads to injustice . Structural violence occurs when people are denied access to educational resources , medical treatment , housing and work . It is relatively stable and occurs daily , but once qualitative changes occur , it can become external violence , and then lead to conflicts and even wars .
Cultural violence exists in " religion and ideology , language and art , empirical science and formal science ( logic , mathematics )" ( Johan Galtung 2013 , 38 ). There is not only the possibility of cultural violence inciting war , but also the " legitimacy " of war given by some countries in the name of culture . Cultural violence generally legitimizes other violence in two ways . One is to obfuscate the truth and cover up the fact of violence . The second is to change the moral color of violent actions and push the violence to the moral high ground . Through the propaganda of legitimacy , direct and structural violence not only seem to be
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