of its needs satisfied and both of the sides should be ready for some concessions in order to reach a compromise ( Cohen 1997 , 92 ). However , it is important to take into consideration that the minimum concept is also important in the negotiation process as both of the parties have in their perspective the minimum and most basic interests and demands that should be accounted for .
The post-negotiation phase usually comes with analyzing the course and results of the negotiations held and results in signing some kind of an agreement that encompasses the outcomes of the negotiations . In case of low mutual trust between the conflicting parties , different kinds of control mechanisms are introduced in order to ensure the compliance of the conflicting parties to the reached agreements . The phase of implementation and monitoring comes into force ( Spector 2013 , 5-16 ).
Conflict resolution is a complex process that is impacted by a number of factors . One of the factors that should be considered is the role of the leaders and the positions declared by the leaders on the peace process . In academia , there is a common understanding that leadership is an important factor in the development of the peace process that can have a significant impact on the final outcomes .
Leaders who initiate a peace process and take active part in it should take a balanced approach to conflict resolution in order to be able to preserve public support and keep their power , but at the same time move the negotiation process forward , leading to a breakthrough in the negotiations . On the one hand , the leaders are expected to signal the opponents about openness to the negotiation process and readiness for the following possible compromises and concessions to create a basis for negotiations with the conflicting parties . On the other hand , the leaders should at least appear to adhere to their initial demands , being “ tough ” and persistent to keep the political support of the public and other political forces and institutions that frequently react extremely sensitively to the concessions made and are ready to express their outrage and disagreements which can lead to leaders losing their political power and public support ( Ortriz 2020 , 34 ).
There are a number of factors that can impact the positions taken by the leaders in a negotiation process , such as domestic politics , personal beliefs and values , the behavior of the adversary , the international environment , etc .
The stability of the political power of the leaders at the domestic landscape and the political support obtained in the country significantly impact the positions of the leaders in the negotiation process . In cases when the leader does not have solid power in the country and is heavily undermined and contested by opposition forces , the leader tends to be more cautious and limited in his actions as he prefers
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