Living Environment Translated English 2014 | Page 21

27. Proteins are made on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
28. RNA is a single strand molecule which is much smaller than
DNA. It contains the nitrogen bases adenine, uracil, cytosine,
guanine.
29. In RNA thymine is replaced by uracil so A pairs with U and C
pairs with G.
30. There are three main kinds of RNA:
1. mRNA- messenger RNA- carries messages from the DNA
in the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
2. t-RNA- transfer RNA- moves around the cytoplasm and
collect amino acids that are needed to make a specific
protein
3. r-RNA- ribosomal RNA- found in the ribosomes;
constructs the proteins from amino acids according to
the directions brought by the m-RNA
Unit 5 Genetics:
A. Vocabulary:
1. Heredity- the pass of traits from parent to offspring
2. Genetics- the study of how traits are inherited through the
actions of alleles
3. Gregor Mendel- the “Father of Genetics”
4. Allele-an alternate form of that a gene may have for a single
trait; can be dominant or recessive
5. Gene-a section of DNA on a chromosome that contains
instructions for making specific proteins
6. Homozygous- describes an organism with two alleles that are
the same for a trait ( TT or tt)
7. Heterozygous- describes an organism with two different alleles
for a trait ( Tt)
8. Punnett square- a tool used to predict the probability of certain
traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can
combine