Living Environment Translated English 2014 | Page 17

2. Mitosis- a cell process in which the nucleus divides into two
nuclei which are identical to each other and identical to the
original nucleus
3. Interphase- the normal “growing” cell phase
4. Prophase- first phase of mitosis when chromosomes thicken,
nuclear membrane disappears, and spindle fibers form
5. Metaphase- second phase of mitosis when chromosome pairs
line up along the center of the cell.
6. Anaphase- third phase of mitosis during which chromosomes
pairs separate are pulled to the opposite sides of the cell
7. Telophase- last phase of mitosis when a complete set of
identical chromosomes are positioned at each side of the cell;
the nuclear membrane reforms, and the chromosomes begin
to uncoil.
8. Chromosome- a long thread of DNA that is made up of a large
number of genes which carry genetic information
9. Cytokinesis- the process by which the cell cytoplasm divides
10.Mother cell- the original cell that is copied during mitosis
11.Daughter cells- the cells produced as a result of mitosis
12.Asexual reproduction- a new organism is produced from one
organism and has DNA which is identical to the parent
organism
13.Binary fission- the simplest form of asexual reproduction in
which two new cells are produced with genetic information
identical to each other and identical to the original cell
14.Budding- a form of asexual reproduction in which a new,
genetically-identical organism forms on the side of its parent.
15.Vegetative propagation- asexual reproduction in which a leaf,
stem, or root will produce a new organism when detached
from the parent plant.
16.Sexual reproduction- two sex cells, usually egg and sperm, join
to form a zygote ( fertilized egg), which will develop into a
new organism