Living Environment Translated English 2014 | Page 14

o. Enzyme- a type of protein that controls nearly all chemical
reactions in a cell; speeds up a chemical reaction with being
changes or used up itself
p. Passive transport- movement of substances through a cell
membrane without the use of energy; includes diffusion and
osmosis
q. Diffusion- a type of passive transport in which molecules more
from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW
concentration
r. Equilibrium- balance; when molecules of one substance are
spread evenly throughout another substance
s. Concentration gradient- the difference in the concentration ( #
of molecules) of a substance from one location to another
t. Osmosis-a type of passive transport that occurs when water
diffuses through a cell membrane
u. Active transport- the movement of molecules through a
membrane from an area of LOW concentration to an area of
high concentration WITH the use of energy
v. Endocytosis- moving materials into the cell by inward folding
of the cell membrane
w. Exocytosis- moving materials collected in a vacuole out of the
cell through the cell membrane
2. General Notes
a. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
b. Elements are made up of only one kind of atom.
c. Basic Element symbols:
1. Carbon- C
2. Hydrogen- H
3. Oxygen- O
4. Nitrogen- N
5. Phosphorus- P
6. Sulfur- S