Living Environment Translated English 2014 | Page 10

d. Eukaryotic cells- cells with membrane-bound structures ;
have a nucleus and organelles
e. Organelles- structures in eukaryotic cells that can act as
storage sites, process energy, move materials or
manufacture substances
f. Nucleus- directs all cell activities and is separated from the
cytoplasm by a membrane
g. Cytoplasm- a gel-like substance that gives the cell its shape
and contains the organelles
h. Cell membrane- surrounds the cytoplasm; place where
materials are exchanged with the environment; controls
what enters and leaves the cell
i. Mitochondria- an organelle that is often referred to as the “
powerhouse” of the cell because it is the site of all cellular
respiration ( energy production)
j. Ribosome- an organelle that controls the production of
proteins
k. Golgi Bodies ( apparatus)- an organelle responsible for
packaging proteins and transporting them to the area of
need
l. Endoplasmic reticulum- a series of channels that transport
materials into and out of the nucleus.
m. Lysosome- a “ suicide sac”- this organelle is responsible for
destroying defective cells.
n. Nucleolus- an organelle inside of the nucleus that produces
ribosomes
o. Cell wall- tough, rigid outer coverings that protect the plant
cell and give it shape. FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS!
p. Chloroplasts- organelles in plant cells that contain
chlorophyll. ONLY IN PLANT CELLS!
q. Cytoskeleton- a network of microfibers and microfilaments
that give eukaryotic cells support and shape
r. Vacuole- storage areas in cells; very large in plants cells