Living Environment Translated Arabic 2014 | Page 26

f. Cells have an internal structure:
1. Nucleus- directs all cellular activity; contains genetic
information (DNA); separated from rest of the cell by
the nuclear membrane.
2. Cytoplasm- a gel-like substance that gives the cell its
shape and contains the organelles
3. Cell membrane- surrounds the cytoplasm; place where
materials are exchanged with the environment; controls
what enters and leaves the cell
4. Mitochondria- an organelle that is often referred to as
the “ powerhouse” of the cell because it is the site of all
cellular respiration ( energy production)
5. Ribosome- an organelle that controls the production of
proteins
6. Golgi Bodies ( apparatus)- an organelle responsible for
packaging proteins and transporting them to the area of
need
7. Endoplasmic reticulum- a series of channels that
transport materials into and out of the nucleus.
8. Lysosome- a “ suicide sac”- this organelle is responsible
for destroying defective cells.
9. Nucleolus- an organelle inside of the nucleus that
produces ribosomes
10.Cell wall- tough, rigid outer coverings that protect the
plant cell and give it shape. FOUND ONLY IN PLANT
CELLS!
11.Chloroplasts- organelles in plant cells that contain
chlorophyll. ONLY IN PLANT CELLS!
12.Cytoskeleton- a network of microfibers and
microfilaments that give eukaryotic cells support and
shape
13. Vacuole- storage area in cell